{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,9]],"date-time":"2026-11-09T09:53:00Z","timestamp":1794217980729,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,7]],"date-time":"2023-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694044800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Testcard Ltd.","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000289","name":"Cancer Research UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["C8162\/A25356"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C8162\/A25356"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000289","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000659","name":"Research Trainees Coordinating Centre","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIHR Research Professorship (NIHR300047)."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIHR Research Professorship (NIHR300047)."]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Yorkshire Cancer Research","award":["RA\/2019\/R1\/004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RA\/2019\/R1\/004"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,31]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Around 25% of patients with bladder cancer (BCa) present with invasive disease. Non-randomised studies of population-based screening have suggested reductions in BCa-specific mortality are possible through earlier detection. The low prevalence of lethal disease in the general population means screening is not cost-effective and there is no consensus on the best strategy. Yorkshire has some of the highest mortality rates from BCa in England. We aim to test whether population screening in a region of high mortality risk will lead to a downward stage-migration of aggressive BCa, improved survival and is cost-effective.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>YORKSURe is a tiered, randomised, multicohort study to test the feasibility of a large BCa screening randomised controlled trial. In three parallel cohorts, participants will self-test urine (at home) up to six times. Results are submitted via a mobile app or freephone. Those with a positive result will be invited for further investigation at community-based early detection clinics or within usual National Health Service (NHS) pathways. In Cohort 1, we will post self-testing kits to research engaged participants (n=2000) embedded within the Yorkshire Lung Screening Trial. In Cohort 2, we will post self-testing kits to 3000 invitees. Cohort 2 participants will be randomised between haematuria and glycosuria testing using a reveal\/conceal design. In Cohort 3, we will post self-testing kits to 500 patients within the NHS pathway for investigation of haematuria. Our primary outcomes are rates of recruitment and randomisation, rates of positive test and acceptability of the design. The study is currently recruiting and scheduled to finish in June 2023.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study has received the following approvals: London Riverside Research Ethics Committee (22\/LO\/0018) and Health Research Authority Confidentiality Advisory Group (20\/CAG\/0009). Results will be made available to providers and researchers via publicly accessible scientific journals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"isrctn\" xlink:href=\"ISRCTN34273159\">ISRCTN34273159<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-076612","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,7]],"date-time":"2023-09-07T11:46:13Z","timestamp":1694087173000},"page":"e076612","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Protocol for the YORKSURe prospective multistage study testing the feasibility for early detection of bladder cancer in populations with high disease-specific mortality risk"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"13","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"isrctn34273159","registry":"10.18810\/isrctn"}],"author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2787-8828","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James WF","family":"Catto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Sheffield, UK"},{"name":"Division of Clinical Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernard","family":"North","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Prevention Trials Unit, King's College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan","family":"Goff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Prevention Trials Unit, King's College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abigail","family":"Carter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Prevention Trials Unit, King's College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Sleeth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Prevention Trials Unit, King's College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olena","family":"Mandrik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Related Research, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1231-7817","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jim","family":"Chilcott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Economics and Decision Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1509-8744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Sasieni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Prevention Trials Unit, King's College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5548-379X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcus G K","family":"Cumberbatch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Sheffield, UK"},{"name":"Division of Clinical Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121407312506000_13.9.e076612.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2018.09.001"},{"key":"2025121407312506000_13.9.e076612.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.15970","article-title":"Diagnosis, treatment and survival from bladder, upper urinary tract, and Urethral cancers: real-world findings from NHS England between 2013 and 2019","volume":"131","author":"Catto","year":"2023","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"2025121407312506000_13.9.e076612.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.7393"},{"key":"2025121407312506000_13.9.e076612.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.20.01665"},{"key":"2025121407312506000_13.9.e076612.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2023.03.029"},{"key":"2025121407312506000_13.9.e076612.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1282","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2015.3209","article-title":"Contemporary occupational carcinogen exposure and bladder cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"1","author":"Cumberbatch","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"key":"2025121407312506000_13.9.e076612.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2015.06.042"},{"key":"2025121407312506000_13.9.e076612.8","unstructured":"NHS Digital . 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