{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T16:17:46Z","timestamp":1789834666626,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,2]],"date-time":"2024-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704153600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of the Environment, Japan","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"\n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n We examined literacy related to healthy gestational weight gain (GWG) in immigrant and native Japanese mothers and determined whether it is associated with children\u2019s birth weight.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design<\/jats:title>\n Longitudinal cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Setting<\/jats:title>\n As the baseline survey in the Japan Environment and Children\u2019s Study (JECS), mothers completed self-administered questionnaires distributed by hand during pregnancy. The self-administered questionnaires used in this study were distributed by mail 6 months after delivery. Children\u2019s birth weight, actual GWG and any complications during delivery were recorded by obstetricians collaborating with JECS.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Participants<\/jats:title>\n Of 97\u2009452 mothers who consented to participate in the JECS during pregnancy between January 2011 and March 2014, 67\u2009953 were included in this study after exclusions for multiple births, multiple instances of consent by the same pregnant woman, miscarriages\/stillbirths or withdrawal from the study within 3 years after participating. In total, 324 immigrant mothers and 963 native Japanese mothers were selected by propensity score matching for analysis.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Primary and secondary outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n \n Data were collected on maternal literacy related to healthy GWG at the baseline survey, and data on actual GWG and children\u2019s birth weight were collected by obstetricians. The associations of knowledge about healthy GWG and mothers\u2019 actual GWG with maternal nativity status were examined using a \u03c7\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n or Student\u2019s t-test.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n More native Japanese mothers than immigrant mothers knew the appropriate GWG and reason the for needing to know this. Actual GWG was significantly higher among the immigrant mothers, but was within the recommended range. The low birthweight (LBW) incidence was significantly higher among the native mothers.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Immigrant mothers to Japan had less knowledge about appropriate GWG, but their actual GWG was appropriate and they delivered fewer LBW infants than native Japanese mothers. These findings may indicate the presence of other protective factors for pregnancy or delivery among immigrant mothers.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-076899","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,10]],"date-time":"2024-01-10T00:09:01Z","timestamp":1704845341000},"page":"e076899","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Differences in health literacy related to gestational weight gain and children\u2019s birth weight according to maternal nativity status in the Japan Environment and Children\u2019s Study (JECS): a longitudinal cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8131-5682","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mika","family":"Kigawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kanagawa University of Human Services, Yokosuka, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Public Health, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan"},{"name":"Toyama Regional Center for JECS, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1209-3104","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akiko","family":"Tsuchida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan"},{"name":"Toyama Regional Center for JECS, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4271-1543","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kenta","family":"Matsumura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan"},{"name":"Toyama Regional Center for JECS, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mika","family":"Ito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Toyama Regional Center for JECS, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomomi","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Toyama Regional Center for JECS, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Toyama Faculty of Medicine Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science for Education, Toyama, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kei","family":"Hamazaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan"},{"name":"Toyama Regional Center for JECS, University of Toyama, Toyama, 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