{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T04:01:18Z","timestamp":1794024078509,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,25]],"date-time":"2023-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698192000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":24,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The most frequent umbilical abnormality in infancy period is umbilical granuloma. Although umbilical granuloma treatment with silver nitrate is practised worldwide, silver nitrate cauterisation is high in cost and if silver nitrate comes into contact with healthy tissues, it might cause injury. This systematic review aims to look for evidence concerning the safety and efficacy of all interventions for treating umbilical granuloma in neonates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Individual and cluster randomised controlled trials will be included in our study. The direct comparisons between two of any interventions for treating umbilical granuloma, including silver nitrate cauterisation, dry care, common salt, alcoholic wipes, topical doxycycline, topical steroid ointment, ligatures, cryosurgery, electrocautery, surgical excision and no intervention will be investigated. Primary outcomes will be the healing rate after 2\u2009weeks of treatment and the incidence of cord-related adverse events. We will search CENTRAL, Embase and MEDLINE.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ethical approval is not applicable in this study since we will retrieve and analyse data from previous published studies. The results of this systematic review are expected to be published in a scientific journal and presented at medical conferences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>PROSPERO registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CRD42022369915.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-076931","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]],"date-time":"2023-10-24T23:20:19Z","timestamp":1698189619000},"page":"e076931","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Interventions for treating umbilical granuloma: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6137-4477","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fumihiko","family":"Namba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Kawagoe, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoyuki","family":"Miyahara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Kawagoe, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitsuhiro","family":"Haga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Kawagoe, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3945-7441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erika","family":"Ota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Health Nursing, Graduate School of Nursing Science, St. Luke's International University, Chuo-ku, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasuhisa","family":"Ikuta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Center for Maternal-Fetal, Neonatal and Reproductive Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Setagaya-ku, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2956-1720","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Citra Gabriella","family":"Mamahit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Health Nursing, Graduate School of Nursing Science, St. Luke's International University, Chuo-ku, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121509190451000_13.10.e076931.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s003830100584"},{"key":"2025121509190451000_13.10.e076931.2","first-page":"267","article-title":"Comparison between two and twenty-four hours salt powder in treatment of infant umbilical Granuloma","volume":"10","author":"Farhat","year":"2008","journal-title":"Iran Red Crescent Med J"},{"key":"2025121509190451000_13.10.e076931.3","first-page":"690","article-title":"Umbilical Granuloma","volume":"20","author":"Kesaree","year":"1983","journal-title":"Indian Pediatr"},{"key":"2025121509190451000_13.10.e076931.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1007\/s11684-016-0457-8","article-title":"Anatomy and Embryology of Umbilicus in newborns: a review and clinical correlations","volume":"10","author":"Hegazy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"2025121509190451000_13.10.e076931.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e318181fb4c"},{"key":"2025121509190451000_13.10.e076931.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/2333794X15607315","article-title":"Dramatic response of topical Doxycycline in umbilical Granuloma: report of 84 cases","volume":"2","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Glob Pediatr Health"},{"key":"2025121509190451000_13.10.e076931.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2004.054684"},{"key":"2025121509190451000_13.10.e076931.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006565-199202000-00008"},{"key":"2025121509190451000_13.10.e076931.9","article-title":"Is silver nitrate the best agent for management of umbilical Granulomas","volume":"85","author":"Daniels","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"2025121509190451000_13.10.e076931.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Higgins JPT , Thomas J , Chandler J , et al . Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions, 2nd edn. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, 2019. doi:10.1002\/9781119536604","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119536604"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-076931","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T17:19:16Z","timestamp":1765819156000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-076931"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-076931"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-076931","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2044-6055","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-6055","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]}}}