{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T19:50:02Z","timestamp":1765828202079,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,23]],"date-time":"2024-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711152000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":22,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,15]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Constipation is a common and significant burden on individuals and healthcare systems. Accurate assessment of constipation severity and symptom improvement are vital aspects of caring for patients with constipation. Therefore, nurses and allied healthcare professionals should possess knowledge regarding the characteristics of constipation assessment tools (ie, aim, scope, definition of constipation, content, structure, mode, administration time and context of use). However, existing reviews summarising characteristics of tools have been restricted to chronic constipation and self-reported measures. Furthermore, they have not included literature published after 2011. This scoping review aims to identify and comprehensibly map the characteristics of available tools for screening and assessment of constipation in order to manage the nursing care need related to constipation within any healthcare or research context and any patient group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This review will include primary research articles, methodological papers and clinical guidelines using tools for constipation screening and assessment, pertinent to nursing care management. It is not limited to a specific population or healthcare setting. Databases to be searched include PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, ProQuest, ClinicalKey and Google Scholar. To identify grey literature, national health services in selected countries will be searched. Papers written in English, Nordic language or German will be included. The reviewers will independently review the retrieved citations against the inclusion criteria, and data from included papers will be extracted using a data extraction form developed for this review. The scoping review will be conducted following the Joanna Briggs Institute Guidelines. The results will be presented in a table accompanied by a narrative summary.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ethical approval is not required, as no individual patient data are included. Findings will be shared and discussed with relevant stakeholders and disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations. The protocol is registered on Open Science Framework (registration number: osf.io\/h2vzd).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-076978","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,23]],"date-time":"2024-03-23T12:41:15Z","timestamp":1711197675000},"page":"e076978","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Characteristics of constipation screening and assessment tools: a scoping review protocol"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9830-3282","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lene","family":"Odgaard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hammel Neurorehabilitation Centre and University Research Clinic, Aarhus University, Hammel, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne A","family":"Rasmussen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9414-2242","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca","family":"Feo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5473-9386","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pia Kj\u00e6r","family":"Kristensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121511422302000_14.3.e076978.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(21)00111-4","article-title":"Global prevalence of functional constipation according to the Rome criteria: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"Barberio","year":"2021","journal-title":"The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology"},{"key":"2025121511422302000_14.3.e076978.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3122\/jabfm.2011.04.100272"},{"key":"2025121511422302000_14.3.e076978.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nep.13243"},{"key":"2025121511422302000_14.3.e076978.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000007225","article-title":"Incidence of constipation in stroke patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"96","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"2025121511422302000_14.3.e076978.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17060863","article-title":"Prevalence and predictors of clozapine-associated constipation: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"Shirazi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2025121511422302000_14.3.e076978.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2008.00495.x","article-title":"The prevalence, severity, and impact of opioid-induced bowel dysfunction: results of a US and European patient survey (PROBE 1)","volume":"10","author":"Bell","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"2025121511422302000_14.3.e076978.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17474124.2020.1708718"},{"key":"2025121511422302000_14.3.e076978.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afm079"},{"key":"2025121511422302000_14.3.e076978.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2012.11.019"},{"key":"2025121511422302000_14.3.e076978.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.4103\/bbrj.bbrj_69_18","article-title":"The relationship between nutrition and infectious diseases: a review","volume":"2","author":"Farhadi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed Biotechnol Res J"},{"key":"2025121511422302000_14.3.e076978.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1518","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2017.08.024","article-title":"The Association of weight loss with one-year mortality in hospital patients, stratified by BMI and FFMI subgroups","volume":"37","author":"de van der Schueren","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"2025121511422302000_14.3.e076978.12","unstructured":"The Bowel Interest Group . 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