{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T20:32:54Z","timestamp":1790454774945,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,16]],"date-time":"2024-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705363200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012399","name":"Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HHSO100201700020C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSO100201700020C"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012399","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009857","name":"Regeneron Pharmaceuticals","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Not applicable"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Not applicable"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009857","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Office of the Administration for Strategic Preparedness and Response","award":["HHSO100201700020C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSO100201700020C"]}]},{"name":"Department of Health and Human Services","award":["HHSO100201700020C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSO100201700020C"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,22]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There is limited qualitative research on patients\u2019 experiences with long COVID-19, and how specific symptoms impact their daily lives. The study aimed to understand patients\u2019 lived experiences of long COVID-19 and to develop a conceptual model representing the symptoms and their impact on overall quality of life.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Qualitative study consisting of a comprehensive literature review, and in-depth clinician and patient semistructured interviews.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Forty-one adult patients with long COVID-19, of whom 18 (44%) were recruited through Regeneron Pharmaceuticals\u2019s clinical trials and 23 (56%) through recruitment agencies; 85.4% were female and 73.2% were White. Five independent clinicians treating patients with long COVID-19 were interviewed. Concept saturation was also assessed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Primary and secondary outcomes<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Interview transcripts were analysed thematically to identify concepts of interest spontaneously mentioned by patients, including symptoms and their impacts on daily life, to guide the development of the conceptual model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Findings from the literature review and clinician and patient interviews resulted in the development of a conceptual model comprising two overarching domains: symptoms (upper respiratory tract, lower respiratory tract, smell and taste, systemic, gastrointestinal, neurocognitive and other) and impacts (activities of daily living, instrumental activities of daily living, physical impacts, emotional, social\/leisure activities and professional impacts). Saturation was achieved for the reported impacts. The symptoms reported were heterogenic; neurocognitive symptoms, such as numbness, ringing in ears, haziness, confusion, forgetfulness\/memory problems, brain fog, concentration, difficulties finding the right word and challenges with fine motor skills, were particularly pertinent for several months.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The conceptual model, developed based on patient experience data of long COVID-19, highlighted numerous symptoms that impact patients\u2019 physical and mental well-being, and suggests humanistic unmet needs. Prospective real-world studies are warranted to understand the pattern of long COVID-19 experienced in larger samples over longer periods of time.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-076992","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]],"date-time":"2024-01-17T04:45:27Z","timestamp":1705466727000},"page":"e076992","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Thematic analysis to explore patients\u2019 experiences with long COVID-19: a conceptual model of symptoms and impacts on daily lives"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"14","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct04426695","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2125-4734","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana","family":"Rofail","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, Tarrytown, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Selin","family":"Somersan-Karakaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, Tarrytown, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia Y","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Modus Outcomes, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krystian","family":"Przydzial","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Modus Outcomes, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuming","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, Tarrytown, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6138-7021","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed","family":"Hussein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, Tarrytown, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas D","family":"Norton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, Tarrytown, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna J","family":"Podolanczuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleftherios","family":"Mylonakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Division, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8936-748X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gregory P","family":"Geba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, Tarrytown, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025120518505210000_14.1.e076992.1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . 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