{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T18:32:00Z","timestamp":1740162720465,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,29]],"date-time":"2024-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706486400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":28,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008895","name":"Tertiary Education Trust Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Institution Research Based Nigeria (Value $2000)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Institution Research Based Nigeria (Value $2000)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008895","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,6]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sickle cell disease (SCD) and sickle cell traits (SCT) are genetically inherited red blood cell disorders common among people of African descent. Nigeria has a high prevalence of SCD, with a prevalence of 2.28%\u20133%\u2009and SCT, 25%\u201330%. Poorly managed SCD and SCT can lead to sensorineural hearing loss and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) issues. This research aims to assess these possible complications of SCD and SCT in Nigeria.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study will use a comparative cross-sectional design at study power 80% to investigate the association between SCD\/SCT, hearing impairment and HRQoL. Participants will be divided into two groups: a cohort and a control group. Hearing levels will be assessed through audiometric assessments and categorised by type and severity of hearing impairments using WHO classifications. HRQoL will also be assessed using WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0. Statistical analyses will be performed using the SAS V.9.4, with parametric or non-parametric analysis depending on the distribution. Relationship between key variables will be determined via correlational tests, \u03c7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, Fisher\u2019s exact test and multivariable logistic regression analyses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title><jats:p>The proposal has been fully reviewed and registered by the University of Cape Town\u2019s Faculty of Health Sciences Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC REF 228\/2022) and the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC\/PR\/2020\/08\/007). Information dissemination will be through conferences, peer-review publication and personal communications. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology statement will be followed in writing the manuscript.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-077200","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,30]],"date-time":"2024-01-30T03:16:40Z","timestamp":1706584600000},"page":"e077200","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Protocol for a comparative cross-sectional study on characterisation of auditory impairment in sickle cell disease and sickle cell trait and its impact on health-related quality of life in Nigeria"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8313-2337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Titus S","family":"Ibekwe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Rogers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Obiageli","family":"Nnodu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lebogang","family":"Ramma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024022401032072000_14.1.e077200.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.9734\/arrb\/2019\/v33i530132","article-title":"Prevalence of sickle cell disease and other Haemoglobin variants in Calabar, cross river state, Nigeria","volume":"33","author":"Kingsley","year":"2019","journal-title":"ARRB"},{"key":"2024022401032072000_14.1.e077200.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.4103\/ami.ami_60_17","article-title":"Prevalence of sickle cell disease among children attending plateau specialist hospital, jos, nigeria","volume":"5","author":"Stephen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Med Int"},{"key":"2024022401032072000_14.1.e077200.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2008.01.008"},{"key":"2024022401032072000_14.1.e077200.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.08.021103","article-title":"The global burden of sickle cell disease in children under five years of age: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Wastnedge","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Glob Health"},{"key":"2024022401032072000_14.1.e077200.5","first-page":"1135","article-title":"Hearing thresholds in sickle cell anaemia patients: emerging new trends","volume":"97","author":"Aderibigbe","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Natl Med Assoc"},{"key":"2024022401032072000_14.1.e077200.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-6519(02)78322-2","article-title":"Presentaci\u00f3n de dos Casos de Sordera S\u00fabita en Pacientes Afectos de anemia Y Rasgo Drepanoc\u00edticos","volume":"53","author":"Garc\u00eda Callejo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Acta Otorrinolaringol\u00f3gica Espa\u00f1ola"},{"key":"2024022401032072000_14.1.e077200.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.22497","article-title":"Health-related quality of life in children with sickle cell disease: a report from the comprehensive sickle cell centers clinical trial consortium","volume":"55","author":"Dampier","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatric Blood & Cancer"},{"key":"2024022401032072000_14.1.e077200.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1015332828213"},{"key":"2024022401032072000_14.1.e077200.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1590\/0034-7167-2016-0409","article-title":"Quality of life in adults with sickle cell disease: an integrative review of the literature","volume":"71","author":"Freitas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rev Bras Enferm"},{"key":"2024022401032072000_14.1.e077200.10","first-page":"375","article-title":"Prevention and control of Haemoglobinopathies","volume":"73","author":"Angastiniotis","year":"1995","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"2024022401032072000_14.1.e077200.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39335.541782.AD"},{"key":"2024022401032072000_14.1.e077200.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.13331","article-title":"Cross\u2010Sectional studies\u2013what are they good for","volume":"97","author":"Kesmodel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"2024022401032072000_14.1.e077200.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.281053"},{"key":"2024022401032072000_14.1.e077200.14","unstructured":"Death Rates per Country, www.macrotrends.net\/countries\/NGA\/nigeria\/death-rate\u2019>Nigeria Death Rate 1950-2023, Available: www.macrotrends.net"},{"key":"2024022401032072000_14.1.e077200.15","unstructured":"United Nations. 2022. 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