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To better support adolescents with ADHD, ecologically valid interventions that can be embedded in daily life to target the most proximal antecedents of these challenges are needed. Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) designs are ideally suited to meeting this need.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analyses<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the mental health in the moment ADHD study, we will use an EMA design to capture the daily life experiences of approximately 120 adolescents aged 11\u201314 years with a clinical diagnosis of ADHD and the same number of age-matched and gender-matched peers without a diagnosis of ADHD. We will combine this with comprehensive information gathered from online surveys. Analysing the data using techniques such as dynamic structural equation modelling, we will examine, among other research questions, the role of emotion regulation and peer problems in mediating the links between characteristics of ADHD and commonly co-occurring outcomes such as anxiety, depression and conduct problems. The results can help inform interventions to support improved peer functioning and emotion regulation for adolescents with ADHD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study received a favourable ethical opinion through the National Health Service ethical review board and the University of Edinburgh PPLS Research Ethics panel. The results will be disseminated through journal publications, conferences and seminar presentations and to relevant stakeholders, such as those with ADHD, their families and clinicians.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-077222","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,29]],"date-time":"2023-09-29T13:42:39Z","timestamp":1695994959000},"page":"e077222","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Illuminating the daily life experiences of adolescents with and without ADHD: protocol for an ecological momentary assessment study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9068-3188","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aja","family":"Murray","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lydia","family":"Speyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Lancaster University, Edinburgh, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"Thye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tracy","family":"Stewart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Moray House of Education and Sport, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingrid","family":"Obsuth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical and Health Psychology Department, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Kane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical and Health Psychology Department, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katie","family":"Whyte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, St Andrew\u2019s University, St Andrews, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Devaney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social and Political Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis Augusto","family":"Rohde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ADHD Outpatient Program and Developmental Psychiatry Program, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil"},{"name":"National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry & National Center for Research and Innovation in Mental Health, Sao Paolo, Brazil"},{"name":"UniEduk, Brazil, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anastasia","family":"Ushakova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Computing, Health Informatics and Statistics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sinead","family":"Rhodes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121223023062000_13.9.e077222.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.05.027","article-title":"Variability in positive and negative affect among adolescents with and without ADHD: differential associations with functional outcomes","volume":"274","author":"Breaux","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"2025121223023062000_13.9.e077222.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/desc.12721","article-title":"Sex differences in ADHD trajectories across childhood and adolescence","volume":"22","author":"Murray","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dev Sci"},{"key":"2025121223023062000_13.9.e077222.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1543","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-020-00695-8","article-title":"Real-world changes in adolescents\u2019 ADHD symptoms within the day and across school and non-school days","volume":"48","author":"Pedersen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Abnorm Child Psychol"},{"key":"2025121223023062000_13.9.e077222.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12899"},{"key":"2025121223023062000_13.9.e077222.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Antony EM-A , Pihlajam\u00e4ki MR , Speyer LG , et al . 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