{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,25]],"date-time":"2026-10-25T00:17:09Z","timestamp":1792887429357,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,19]],"date-time":"2024-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708300800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":18,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study aimed to assess the magnitude and identify associated factors with intimate partner violence (IPV) in Togo.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Cross-sectional study.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Togo.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Women of reproductive age (15\u201349 years).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Primary outcome<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Intimate partner violence.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study used data from the 2013 Togolese Demographic and Health Survey. A total of 4910 married or partnered women were included. A Generalised Structural Equation Model (GSEM) was performed to identify significant factors associated with IPV. Results of the GSEM were reported as adjusted ORs (aOR) with their corresponding 95% CIs.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The pooled prevalence of IPV was 35.5% (95% CI: 34.2% to 36.8%). Emotional violence and physical violence were the most reported forms of IPV (29.7% and 20.2%, respectively), while sexual violence was the least common, with a prevalence of 7.5%. Additionally, the results indicated that the following factors related to women, men and households were significantly associated with IPV in Togo: ethnicity, region, religion, wealth index, working status, age at the first union, having attitudes toward wife-beating, participation in household decision-making, education level, alcohol use and controlling behaviour.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>IPV is a complex and multifactorial phenomenon in Togo. The Togo government as well as women\u2019s human rights organisations should consider these factors when designing IPV programmes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-077273","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,19]],"date-time":"2024-02-19T21:55:39Z","timestamp":1708379739000},"page":"e077273","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Intimate partner violence among women in Togo: a generalised structural equation modeling approach"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-1432-3390","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Jean Simon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bureau d'Etudes et de Recherche en Statistiques Appliqu\u00e9es, Suivi et Evaluation (BERSA-SE), Port-au-Prince, Haiti"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V\u00e9nuny\u00e9 Claude","family":"Kondo Tokpovi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Bureau of Statistics of Togo, Lom\u00e9, Togo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025101814531961000_14.2.e077273.1","unstructured":"World Health Organization . 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