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The combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and antiangiogenic drugs, such as bevacizumab and tyrosine kinase inhibitors, has been recommended as first-line treatment for advanced HCC. However, two-thirds of patients did not benefit from this form of immunotherapy. Currently, data on the subsequent regimen for patients previously treated with ICIs are lacking. Studies have shown that the combination of radiotherapy (RT) and ICIs is a potentially effective second-line therapy for HCC. This study aims to assess the efficacy and safety of combined therapy with stereotactic body RT (SBRT), sintilimab and IBI305 (a biosimilar of bevacizumab) in patients with HCC following the progression of first-line ICI therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study is an open-label, single-arm, single-centre, phase 2 trial of 21 patients with advanced HCC in whom previous ICI therapy has failed. Participants will receive approximately 30\u201340\u2009Gy\/5\u20138F SBRT, followed by 200\u2009mg sintilimab and 15\u2009mg\/kg IBI305 intravenously every 3\u2009weeks. Treatment will continue until the development of unacceptable toxicity or disease progression. We will use Simon\u2019s two-stage design, with the objective response rate (ORR) as the primary endpoint. Secondary endpoints include ORR of lesions without RT, disease control rate, progression-free survival, overall survival and safety.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study was authorised by the Medical Ethics Committee. Dissemination of results will occur via a peer-reviewed publication and other relevant media.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ChiCTR2200056068.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-077903","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,10]],"date-time":"2024-06-10T22:30:54Z","timestamp":1718058654000},"page":"e077903","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Efficacy and safety of SBRT combined with sintilimab and IBI305 in patients with advanced HCC and previously failed immunotherapy: study protocol of a phase 2 clinical trial"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Jinfeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University 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