{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T06:47:34Z","timestamp":1781333254259,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,7]],"date-time":"2023-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701907200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"NIHR","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2022-2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-2024"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"NIHR","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["NIHR131676"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIHR131676"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,7]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Support following a dementia diagnosis in the UK is variable. Attending a Recovery College course with and for people with dementia, their supporters and healthcare professionals (staff), may enable people to explore and enact ways to live well with dementia. Recovery Colleges are established within mental health services worldwide, offering peer-supported short courses coproduced in partnership between staff and people with lived experience of mental illness. The concept of recovery is challenging in dementia narratives, with little evidence of how the Recovery College model could work as a method of postdiagnostic dementia support.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using a realist evaluation approach, this research will examine and define what works, for whom, in what circumstances and why, in Recovery College dementia courses. The ethnographic study will recruit five case studies from National Health Service Mental Health Trusts across England. Sampling will seek diversity in new or long-standing courses, delivery methods and demographics of population served. Participant observations will examine course coproduction. Interviews will be undertaken with people with dementia, family and friend supporters and staff involved in coproducing and commissioning the courses, as well as people attending. Documentary materials will be reviewed. Analysis will use a realist logic of analysis to develop a programme theory containing causal explanations for outcomes, in the form of context-mechanism-outcome-configurations, at play in each case.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study received approval from Coventry &amp; Warwickshire Research Ethics Committee (22\/WM\/0215). Ethical concerns include not privileging any voice, consent for embedded observational fieldwork with people who may experience fluctuating mental capacity and balancing researcher \u2018embedded participant\u2019 roles in publicly accessible learning events. Drawing on the realist programme theory, two stakeholder groups, one people living with dementia and one staff will work with researchers to coproduce resources to support coproducing Recovery College dementia courses aligned with postdiagnostic services.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-078248","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,7]],"date-time":"2023-12-07T19:17:22Z","timestamp":1701976642000},"page":"e078248","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Protocol for a realist evaluation of Recovery College dementia courses: understanding coproduction through ethnography"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4527-4414","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linda","family":"Birt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK"},{"name":"School of Healthcare University of Leicester, Leicester, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0802-7243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juniper","family":"West","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development, Norfolk and Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fiona","family":"Poland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geoff","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, Oxford University, Oxford, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melanie","family":"Handley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CRIPACC, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachael","family":"Litherland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Innovations in Dementia, Exeter, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4940-6998","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Corinna","family":"Hackmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development, Norfolk and Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7232-4632","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esme","family":"Moniz-Cook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Psychological Health and Well Being, University of Hull, Hull, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Wolverson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, UK"},{"name":"Dementia, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bonnie","family":"Teague","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research, Norfolk and Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruth","family":"Mills","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Older People's Services, Norfolk and Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn","family":"Sams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Older People's Services, Norfolk and Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7083-6589","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claire","family":"Duddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Fox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Sciences, Norwich Medical School, Norwich, UK"},{"name":"Medical School, College House University of Exeter, Exeter, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025120519335568000_13.12.e078248.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-201004","article-title":"Social stigma of people with dementia","volume":"78","author":"Rewerska-Ju\u015bko","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"2025120519335568000_13.12.e078248.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2017.09.006","article-title":"A systematic review of dementia-related stigma research: can we move the stigma dial?","volume":"26","author":"Herrmann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"2025120519335568000_13.12.e078248.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1896","DOI":"10.1177\/1471301217732430","article-title":"Experiences of shame for people with dementia: an interpretative phenomenological analysis","volume":"18","author":"Aldridge","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dementia (London)"},{"key":"2025120519335568000_13.12.e078248.4","unstructured":"O\u2019Shea E , Keogh F , Heneghan C . Post-diagnostic support for people with dementia and their carers (online). 2018. Available: https:\/\/www.understandtogether.ie\/news-and-events\/news \/Dementia-Post-diagnostic-Support-Literature-Review.pdf [Accessed 8 Sep 2020]."},{"key":"2025120519335568000_13.12.e078248.5","unstructured":"Gauthier S , Webster C , Servaes S , et al . World Alzheimer report 2022: life after diagnosis: navigating treatment, care and support London, England Alzheimer\u2019s Disease International; 2022."},{"key":"2025120519335568000_13.12.e078248.6","unstructured":"Copland E , Hodge S , Clary L , et al . Memory services national accreditation programme (MSNAP) standards: standards for memory services (online). 2018. Available: https:\/\/www.rcpsych.ac.uk\/docs \/default-source\/improving-care\/ccqi\/quality-networks\/memory-clinics-msnap\/msnap-standards-6th-edition-2018.pdf [Accessed 3 Mar 2021]."},{"key":"2025120519335568000_13.12.e078248.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1108\/JICA-02-2020-0005","article-title":"Mapping post-diagnostic dementia care in England: an E-survey","volume":"29","author":"Frost","year":"2020","journal-title":"JICA"},{"key":"2025120519335568000_13.12.e078248.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-040348","article-title":"Task-shifted approaches to postdiagnostic dementia support: a qualitative study exploring professional views and experiences","volume":"10","author":"Wheatley","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2025120519335568000_13.12.e078248.9","unstructured":"Perkins R , Repper J , Rinaldi M , et al . Recovery colleges. Imroc briefing 1 (online). 2012. Available: https:\/\/imroc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/1.Recovery-Colleges.pdf [Accessed 7 Jun 2023]."},{"key":"2025120519335568000_13.12.e078248.10","unstructured":"Perkins R , Hill L , Daley S , et al . Continuing to be me\u2019 \u2013 recovering a life with a diagnosis of dementia. Imroc briefing 12 (online). 2016. Available: https:\/\/imroc.org\/resource\/12-continuing-to-be-me-recovering-a-life-with-a-diagnosis-of-dementia\/ [Accessed 7 Jun 2023]."},{"key":"2025120519335568000_13.12.e078248.11","unstructured":"Perkins R , Meddings S , Williams S , et al . Recovery colleges 10 years on. Imroc briefing 15 (online). 2018. Available: https:\/\/imroc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/ImROC-Recovery-Colleges-10-Years-On.pdf [Accessed 7 Jun 2023]."},{"key":"2025120519335568000_13.12.e078248.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.110.083733"},{"key":"2025120519335568000_13.12.e078248.13","unstructured":"Department of Health . Living well with dementia: a national dementia strategy. GOV.UK; 2009. Available: www.gov.uk [Accessed 1 Mar 2023]."},{"key":"2025120519335568000_13.12.e078248.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/apt.bp.108.005504"},{"key":"2025120519335568000_13.12.e078248.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wolverson E , Hague L , West J , et al . Building an understanding of UK recovery college dementia courses: a national survey of recovery college and memory services staff. WWOP 2023 [In Press]. doi:10.1108\/WWOP-02-2023-0003","DOI":"10.1108\/WWOP-02-2023-0003"},{"key":"2025120519335568000_13.12.e078248.16","unstructured":"O\u2019Hagan M . Recovery article for mental health today. 2009. Available: http:\/\/www.maryohagan.com\/resources\/Text_Files\/Recovery%20for%20Mental%20Health%20Today.pdf [Accessed 10 Oct 2023]."},{"key":"2025120519335568000_13.12.e078248.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1108\/MHSI-02-2021-082","article-title":"Editorial","volume":"25","author":"Perkins","year":"2021","journal-title":"MHSI"},{"key":"2025120519335568000_13.12.e078248.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1108\/MHSI-02-2021-082","article-title":"Editorial reclaiming recovery","volume":"25","author":"Perkins","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ment Heal Soc Incl"},{"key":"2025120519335568000_13.12.e078248.19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1108\/MHSI-08-2019-0024","article-title":"Recovery colleges and dementia courses \u2013 a scoping survey","volume":"23","author":"Lowen","year":"2019","journal-title":"MHSI"},{"key":"2025120519335568000_13.12.e078248.20","unstructured":"Pawson R , Tilley N . Realistic Evaluation. London: SAGE Publications, 1997."},{"key":"2025120519335568000_13.12.e078248.21","unstructured":"Yin RK . Case Study Research and Applications: Design and Methods. 6th ed. SAGE Publications, 2017."},{"key":"2025120519335568000_13.12.e078248.22","first-page":"1","article-title":"Focused Ethnography: a methodological adaptation for social research in emerging contexts","volume":"16","author":"Wall","year":"2015","journal-title":"Forum Qual Sozialforsch \/ Forum Qual Soc Res"},{"key":"2025120519335568000_13.12.e078248.23","first-page":"1","article-title":"Focused ethnography","volume":"6","author":"Knoblauch","year":"2005","journal-title":"Forum Qual Sozialforsch \/ Forum Qual Soc Res"},{"key":"2025120519335568000_13.12.e078248.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1356389016638615"},{"key":"2025120519335568000_13.12.e078248.25","unstructured":"QSR International Pty Ltd . Nvivo (released in March 2020). Available: https:\/\/www.qsrinternational.com\/nvivo-qualitative-data-analysis-software\/home"},{"key":"2025120519335568000_13.12.e078248.26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-016-0643-1","article-title":"Rameses II reporting standards for realist evaluations","volume":"14","author":"Wong","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"2025120519335568000_13.12.e078248.27","unstructured":"Guide to the UK general data protection regulation (UK GDPR)(online). 2018. Available: https:\/\/ico.org.uk \/for-organisations\/guide-to-data-protection\/guide-to-the-general-data-protection-regulation-gdpr\/ [Accessed 8 Jun 2023]."},{"key":"2025120519335568000_13.12.e078248.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1471301207075625"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-078248","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,6]],"date-time":"2025-12-06T03:34:05Z","timestamp":1764992045000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-078248"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,7]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-078248"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-078248","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2044-6055","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-6055","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}}}