{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T22:57:21Z","timestamp":1780613841904,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,6]],"date-time":"2024-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707177600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,23]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Blunt chest trauma (BCT) is characterised by forceful and non-penetrative impact to the chest region. Increased access to the internet has led to online healthcare resources becoming used by the public to educate themselves about medical conditions. This study aimed to determine whether online resources for BCT are at an appropriate readability level and visual appearance for the public.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We undertook a (1) a narrative overview assessment of the website; (2) a visual assessment of the identified website material content using an adapted framework of predetermined key criteria based on the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services toolkit and (3) a readability assessment using five readability scores and the Flesch reading ease score using Readable software.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data sources<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using a range of key search terms, we searched Google, Bing and Yahoo websites on 9 October 2023 for online resources about BCT.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified and assessed 85 websites. The median visual assessment score for the identified websites was 22, with a range of \u221214 to 37. The median readability score generated was 9 (14\u201315 years), with a range of 4.9\u201315.8. There was a significant association between the visual assessment and readability scores with a tendency for websites with lower readability scores having higher scores for the visual assessment (Spearman\u2019s r=\u22120.485; p&lt;0.01). The median score for Flesch reading ease was 63.9 (plain English) with a range of 21.1\u201385.3.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although the readability levels and visual appearance were acceptable for the public for many websites, many of the resources had much higher readability scores than the recommended level (8\u201310) and visually were poor.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>Better use of images would improve the appearance of websites further. Less medical terminology and shorter word and sentence length would also allow the public to comprehend the contained information more easily.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-078552","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,6]],"date-time":"2024-02-06T13:14:30Z","timestamp":1707225270000},"page":"e078552","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Study to evaluate the readability and visual appearance of online resources for blunt chest trauma: an evaluation of online resources using mixed methods"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4155-1741","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hayley Anne","family":"Hutchings","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Max","family":"Cochrane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7503-1931","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ceri","family":"Battle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea, UK"},{"name":"Physiotherapy Department, Swansea Bay University Health Board, Swansea, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121514131388000_14.2.e078552.1","first-page":"62","article-title":"NTDB\u00ae data points: Annual report 2007: more than 2.7 in 2007","volume":"93","author":"Fantus","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bull Am Coll Surg"},{"key":"2025121514131388000_14.2.e078552.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/emermed-2015-205265"},{"key":"2025121514131388000_14.2.e078552.3","unstructured":"Broadband Search . 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