{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T05:17:29Z","timestamp":1765603049888,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,18]],"date-time":"2023-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700265600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":17,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,3]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Infertility adversely affects the sexual reproductive health and overall quality of life of people. Recent estimates show that about one in six people (both men and women) experience infertility in their lifetime. This scoping review will, therefore, map the existing evidence on traditional management of female infertility in Africa including the effectiveness of the traditional healthcare systems, to inform policy and practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The scoping review will be guided by the Arksey and O\u2019Malley framework in conjunction with the Joanna Briggs Institute updated methodological guidance for scoping reviews. A search strategy will be developed, which will target the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, Embase, CINAHL, Google Scholar and Africa-Wide Information including grey literature. The screening of titles, abstracts and full text will be done by two independent reviewers. Data will be extracted, analysed numerically and thematically. The reporting of the scoping review will use the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews checklist.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This scoping review will not require ethical approval as this is secondary analysis of peer-reviewed articles. The findings of the review will be disseminated on various platforms including conferences, meetings to key stakeholders and in a peer-reviewed journal for wider sharing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-079201","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,17]],"date-time":"2023-11-17T22:02:00Z","timestamp":1700258520000},"page":"e079201","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Traditional management of female infertility in Africa: a scoping review protocol"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2659-9643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thokozile","family":"Mashaah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Zimbabwe Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masimba","family":"Muziringa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Library, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Exnevia","family":"Gomo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Diagnostic and Investigative Sciences, University of Zimbabwe Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julita","family":"Chideme-Maradzika","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Zimbabwe Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe"},{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Africa University, Mutare, Zimbabwe"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9450-3180","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mugove Gerald","family":"Madziyire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child, Adolescent and Women\u2019s Health, University of Zimbabwe Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8074-9940","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James","family":"January","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Zimbabwe Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121221125245000_13.11.e079201.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.06.005"},{"key":"2025121221125245000_13.11.e079201.2","unstructured":"World Health Organization . Infertility prevalence estimates, 1990\u20132021. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2023. Available: https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/978920068315"},{"key":"2025121221125245000_13.11.e079201.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/hropen\/hoac051","article-title":"Infertility prevalence and the methods of estimation from 1990 to 2021: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"2022","author":"Cox","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Open"},{"key":"2025121221125245000_13.11.e079201.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001356","article-title":"National, regional, and global trends in infertility prevalence since 1990: A systematic analysis of 277 health surveys","volume":"9","author":"Mascarenhas","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"2025121221125245000_13.11.e079201.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/s40738-020-00090-3","article-title":"Primary and secondary infertility in Africa: systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"Abebe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fertil Res and Pract"},{"key":"2025121221125245000_13.11.e079201.6","first-page":"24","article-title":"Understanding traditional African healing","volume":"20","author":"Mokgobi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Afr J Phys Health Educ Recreat Dance"},{"key":"2025121221125245000_13.11.e079201.7","unstructured":"Celebrating Being Zimbabwean . The spectre of infertility in Zim: Part One\u2026the burden of proof, Available: https:\/\/www.thepatriot.co.zw\/old_posts\/the-spectre-of-infertility-in-zim-part-onethe-burden-of-proof\/"},{"key":"2025121221125245000_13.11.e079201.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/16549716.2018.1496888","article-title":"The future of health in Zimbabwe","volume":"11","author":"Kidia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Glob Health Action"},{"key":"2025121221125245000_13.11.e079201.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/den148"},{"key":"2025121221125245000_13.11.e079201.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0738-3991(97)01006-9"},{"key":"2025121221125245000_13.11.e079201.11","unstructured":"Lu Y , Hernandez P , Abegunde D , et al . The world medicines situation. 2011. Available: http:\/\/www.who.int\/health-accounts\/documentation\/world_medicine_situation.pdf?ua=1"},{"key":"2025121221125245000_13.11.e079201.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.4788","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of infertility: A review","volume":"326","author":"Carson","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2025121221125245000_13.11.e079201.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/s43043-021-00082-3","article-title":"Impact of Endometriosis on female fertility and the management options for Endometriosis-related infertility in reproductive age women: a Scoping review with recent evidences","volume":"26","author":"Vatsa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Middle East Fertil Soc J"},{"key":"2025121221125245000_13.11.e079201.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imr.2020.100694","article-title":"Acupuncture and Herbal medicine for female infertility: an overview of systematic reviews","volume":"10","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Integr Med Res"},{"key":"2025121221125245000_13.11.e079201.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5869","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.2523","article-title":"Female infertility and Herbal medicine: an overview of the new findings","volume":"9","author":"Akbaribazm","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Science & Nutrition"},{"key":"2025121221125245000_13.11.e079201.16","first-page":"150","article-title":"Holistic management of female infertility: A systematic review","volume":"25","author":"Armah","year":"2021","journal-title":"Afr J Reprod Health"},{"key":"2025121221125245000_13.11.e079201.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-018-0611-x","article-title":"Systematic review or Scoping review? guidance for authors when choosing between a systematic or Scoping review approach","volume":"18","author":"Munn","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"key":"2025121221125245000_13.11.e079201.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1364557032000119616"},{"key":"2025121221125245000_13.11.e079201.19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2119","DOI":"10.11124\/JBIES-20-00167","article-title":"Updated methodological guidance for the conduct of Scoping reviews","volume":"18","author":"Peters","year":"2020","journal-title":"JBI Evid Synth"},{"key":"2025121221125245000_13.11.e079201.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peters M , Godfrey C , McInerney P , et al . 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