{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T18:02:17Z","timestamp":1793815337694,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,8]],"date-time":"2023-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701993600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017950","name":"Shanghai Municipal Health Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZY[2021-2023]-0105"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZY[2021-2023]-0105"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017950","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Shanghai Pudong New Area Science and Technology and Economic Commission","award":["PKJ2021-Y96"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PKJ2021-Y96"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019978","name":"Shanghai Pudong New Area Health Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PDZY-2021-0503"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PDZY-2021-0503"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019978","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019978","name":"Shanghai Pudong New Area Health Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PWYgts2021-03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PWYgts2021-03"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019978","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center","award":["HYXG-QJ01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HYXG-QJ01"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,24]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to assess the prevalence and related factors of myopia among school-aged children after COVID-19 pandemic.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross-sectional study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pudong New Area, Shanghai.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>1722 children aged 7\u20139 randomly selected from 8 primary schools were screened from 1 February 2023 to 30 April 2023.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Children\u2019s height, weight and eye parameters were examined. Myopia was defined as a cycloplegic spherical equivalent \u2264\u22120.50 dioptres in either eye. A vision-related behaviour questionnaire was applied to investigate the associations between myopia and its risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of the 1722 individuals enrolled, 25.6% (456) had myopia. After adjusting other characteristics, the following factors were associated with an increased rate of myopia: age (9 years vs 7 years, adjusted OR (AOR) 1.84, 95% CI 1.18 to 2.85, p=0.007), parental myopia status (both myopia vs none, AOR 5.66, 95% CI 3.71 to 8.63, p&lt;0.001; one myopia vs none, AOR 2.92, 95% CI 1.93 to 4.42, p&lt;0.001), reading books too close (yes vs no, AOR 1.58, 95% CI 1.20 to 2.08, p=0.001), writing with a tilted head (yes vs no, AOR 1.37, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.77, p=0.019), sleep patterns (early to bed late to rise vs early to bed early to rise, AOR 1.52, 95% CI 1.02 to 2.26, p=0.039). By contrast, a higher monthly household income and the habit of reading while lying down were associated with lower risk of myopia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prevalence of myopia is of concern among young school-aged children after COVID-19. Correcting eye use behaviour and improving sleep habits may reduce myopia. Also, gender differences should be considered in prevention strategies for children\u2019s myopia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-079330","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,9]],"date-time":"2023-12-09T13:22:52Z","timestamp":1702128172000},"page":"e079330","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Prevalence and related factors of children myopia in Pudong New Area, Shanghai: a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Peng","family":"Cheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye and Dental Diseases Prevention & Treatment Center of Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohua","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye and Dental Diseases Prevention & Treatment Center of Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 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China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2140-0981","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bin","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye and Dental Diseases Prevention & Treatment Center of Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121223223585000_13.12.e079330.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/519276a"},{"key":"2025121223223585000_13.12.e079330.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.01.006"},{"key":"2025121223223585000_13.12.e079330.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8561","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17228561","article-title":"Associations between poor vision, vision-related behaviors and mathematics achievement in Chinese students from the CNAEQ-PEH 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