{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,7]],"date-time":"2025-12-07T04:32:04Z","timestamp":1765081924560,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,25]],"date-time":"2024-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711324800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":24,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,27]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"\n Introduction<\/jats:title>\n Multimodal pain control following cardiothoracic surgery remains a focus in international guidelines. We hypothesise that non-depolarising skeletal muscle relaxants can prove to be a useful adjunct for this population.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods\/analysis<\/jats:title>\n This systematic review will focus on human adult studies of pain control using muscle relaxants within 1\u2009week following cardiac and thoracic surgery available in PubMed, Cochrane Central, Web of Science and EMBASE. Target studies will have a primary focus on measured effects on quality of pain control and reduction in opioid usage. Studies that include non-depolarising skeletal muscle relaxants given during cardiothoracic surgery or in the week after will be included. Study selection will be in keeping with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Procedures and agents used will be analysed together, and a meta-analysis will be conducted then compared with current therapies recommended in international practice guidelines.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n Formal ethical approval will not be required as primary data will not be collected. The results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publication, conference presentation and lay press.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n PROSPERO registration number<\/jats:title>\n CRD42023397917.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-079685","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,26]],"date-time":"2024-03-26T00:15:51Z","timestamp":1711412151000},"page":"e079685","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Skeletal muscle relaxants as adjunctive pain control following cardiothoracic surgery: a systematic review protocol"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-5822-5649","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shadman","family":"Kabir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University Health Professions Division, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Quinn","family":"Whaley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Miami Transplant Institute, Miami, Florida, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"Fernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Miami Transplant Institute, Miami, Florida, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8985-7518","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Travis W","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Miami Transplant Institute, Miami, Florida, USA"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025120618580735000_14.3.e079685.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0000000000000792"},{"key":"2025120618580735000_14.3.e079685.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/icvts\/ivt301"},{"key":"2025120618580735000_14.3.e079685.3","first-page":"313","article-title":"Current pharmacologic treatment of multiple sclerosis symptoms","volume":"165","author":"Andersson","year":"1996","journal-title":"West J Med"},{"issue":"24 Suppl","key":"2025120618580735000_14.3.e079685.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S146","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200112151-00024","article-title":"Pain and Spasticity after spinal cord injury: mechanisms and treatment","volume":"26","author":"Burchiel","year":"2001","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"2025120618580735000_14.3.e079685.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2004.05.002"},{"key":"2025120618580735000_14.3.e079685.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-197408010-00001"},{"key":"2025120618580735000_14.3.e079685.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410170202"},{"key":"2025120618580735000_14.3.e079685.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200059030-00006"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-079685","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,7]],"date-time":"2025-12-07T02:58:13Z","timestamp":1765076293000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-079685"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,25]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-079685"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-079685","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2044-6055"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2044-6055"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]}}}