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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have good safety profile, show promising effects and can form bone. The Boost Brittle Bones Before Birth (BOOSTB4) trial evaluates administration of allogeneic expanded human first trimester fetal liver MSCs (BOOST cells) for OI type 3 or severe type 4.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      BOOSTB4 is an exploratory, open-label, multiple dose, phase I\/II clinical trial evaluating safety and efficacy of postnatal (n=15) or prenatal and postnatal (n=3, originally n=15) administration of BOOST cells for the treatment of severe OI compared with a combination of historical (1\u20135\/subject) and untreated prospective controls (\u226430). Infants&lt;18 months of age (originally&lt;12 months) and singleton pregnant women whose fetus has severe OI with confirmed glycine substitution in\n                      <jats:italic>COL1A1<\/jats:italic>\n                      or\n                      <jats:italic>COL1A2<\/jats:italic>\n                      can be included in the trial.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Each subject receives four intravenous doses of 3\u00d710\n                      <jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>\n                      \/kg BOOST cells at 4 month intervals, with 48 (doses 1\u20132) or 24 (doses 3\u20134) hours in-patient follow-up, primary follow-up at 6 and 12 months after the last dose and long-term follow-up yearly until 10 years after the first dose. Prenatal subjects receive the first dose via ultrasound-guided injection into the umbilical vein within the fetal liver (16+0 to 35+6 weeks), and three doses postnatally.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>The primary outcome measures are safety and tolerability of repeated BOOST cell administration. The secondary outcome measures are number of fractures from baseline to primary and long-term follow-up, growth, change in bone mineral density, clinical OI status and biochemical bone turnover.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The trial is approved by Competent Authorities in Sweden, the UK and the Netherlands (postnatal only). Results from the trial will be disseminated via CTIS, ClinicalTrials.gov and in scientific open-access scientific journals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration numbers<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      EudraCT 2015-003699-60, EUCT: 2023-504593-38-00,\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"clintrialgov\" specific-use=\"clinicaltrial pre-results\" xlink:href=\"NCT03706482\">NCT03706482<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-079767","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,4]],"date-time":"2024-06-04T16:45:24Z","timestamp":1717519524000},"page":"e079767","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["An exploratory 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