{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T00:00:32Z","timestamp":1793750432471,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,9]],"date-time":"2024-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704758400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"UKRI MRC Digital Youth","award":["MR\/W002450\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/W002450\/1"]}]},{"name":"UKRI UKRI Future Leaders Fellowship","award":["MR\/T041897\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/T041897\/1"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014013","name":"UK Research and Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014013","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,8]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Purrble, a socially assistive robot, was codesigned with children to support in situ emotion regulation. Preliminary evidence has found that LGBTQ+ youth are receptive to Purrble and find it to be an acceptable intervention to assist with emotion dysregulation and their experiences of self-harm. The present study is designed to evaluate the impact of access to Purrble among LGBTQ+ youth\u2009who have self-harmful thoughts, when compared with waitlist controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study is a single-blind, randomised control trial comparing access to the Purrble robot with waitlist control. A total of 168 LGBTQ+ youth\u2009aged 16\u201325 years with current self-harmful ideation will be recruited, all based within the UK. The primary outcome is emotion dysregulation (Difficulties with Emotion Regulation Scale-8) measured weekly across a 13-week period, including three pre-deployment timepoints. Secondary outcomes include self-harm (Self-Harm Questionnaire), anxiety (Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7) and depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9). We will conduct analyses using linear mixed models to assess primary and secondary hypotheses. Intervention participants will have unlimited access to Purrble over the deployment period, which can be used as much or as little as they like. After all assessments, control participants will receive their Purrble, with all participants keeping the robot after the end of the study. After the study has ended, a subset of participants will be invited to participate in semistructured interviews to explore engagement and appropriation of Purrble, considering the young people\u2019s own views of Purrble as an intervention device.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ethical approval was received from King\u2019s College London (RESCM-22\/23-34570). Findings will be disseminated in peer review open access journals and at academic conferences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"clintrialgov\" xlink:href=\"NCT06025942\">NCT06025942<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-079801","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,10]],"date-time":"2024-01-10T01:11:37Z","timestamp":1704849097000},"page":"e079801","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Enhancing emotion regulation with an in situ socially assistive robot among LGBTQ+ youth with self-harm ideation: protocol for a randomised controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"14","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct06025942","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"},{"clinical-trial-number":"nct06025942","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3987-3824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A Jess","family":"Williams","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Informatics, King's College London, London, UK"},{"name":"Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seonaid","family":"Cleare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Informatics, King's College London, London, UK"},{"name":"University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rohan","family":"Borschmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9067-0494","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher R","family":"Tench","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Gross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Hollis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Psychiatry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amelia","family":"Chapman-Nisar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nkem","family":"Naeche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4677-5958","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ellen","family":"Townsend","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petr","family":"Slovak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Informatics, King's College London, London, UK"},{"name":"University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121409314874000_14.1.e079801.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d7073","article-title":"Longer term management of self harm: summary of NICE guidance","volume":"343","author":"Kendall","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2025121409314874000_14.1.e079801.2","unstructured":"World Health Organisation . 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