{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T11:16:18Z","timestamp":1788520578020,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]],"date-time":"2024-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708646400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":22,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005847","name":"Health and Medical Research Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["18190151"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18190151"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005847","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,15]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Anxiety, nausea and vomiting are common side effects suffered by paediatric patients receiving chemotherapy. Emerging evidence supports the efficacy of immersive virtual reality (IVR) on improving anxiety and distress symptoms including nausea and vomiting in this vulnerable group. This trial aims to evaluate the effects of IVR intervention on anxiety, chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting and anticipatory nausea and vomiting in patients with paediatric cancer receiving first chemotherapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method and analysis<\/jats:title><jats:p>An assessor-blinded, randomised controlled trial with a mixed methods evaluation approach. On the basis of our pilot results, 128 chemotherapy-naive patients with paediatric cancer scheduled to receive their first intravenous chemotherapy will be recruited from a public hospital and randomly allocated to intervention (n=64) or control groups (n=64). The intervention group will receive the IVR intervention for three sessions: 2\u2009hours before the first chemotherapy, 5\u2009min before and during their first chemotherapy and 5\u2009min before and during their second chemotherapy, respectively. The control group will receive standard care only. A subsample of 30 participants in the intervention group will be invited for a qualitative interview. Study instruments are: (1) short form of the Chinese version of the State Anxiety Scale for Children, (2) visual analogue scale for anticipatory nausea and vomiting, (3) Chinese version of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer Antiemesis Tool and (4) individual face-to-face semistructured interviews to explore intervention participants\u2019 perceptions of the IVR intervention.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study has been approved by the Hong Kong Children\u2019s Hospital Research Ethics Committee (HKCH-REC-2021-009). The findings will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals and through local or interventional conference presentations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title><jats:p>ChiCTR2100048732.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-079837","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,24]],"date-time":"2024-02-24T10:06:18Z","timestamp":1708769178000},"page":"e079837","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Effects of immersive virtual reality for alleviating anxiety, nausea and vomiting among patients with paediatric cancer receiving their first chemotherapy: protocol for a randomised controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6640-1323","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cho 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