{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T05:38:45Z","timestamp":1775626725673,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,26]],"date-time":"2024-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714089600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":25,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Pac-12 Conference's Student-Athlete Health and Well-Being Initiative","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,5]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine non-sport- and sport-related concussion severity, clinical care frequency and delayed reporting in relation to recovery duration among collegiate athletes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pac-12 varsity collegiate athletes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>461 collegiate male and female athletes<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Primary and secondary outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The incidence of sport-related concussion (SRC) and non-sport-related concussion (NRC) were collected as well as times to recovery and return-to-play (RTP), symptom score and symptom severity and reported a loss of consciousness (LOC), retrograde amnesia (RGA) and post-traumatic amnesia (PTA) following concussion incidence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 461 concussions, 388 (84%) occurred within sport and 73 (16%) occurred outside of sport. NRC, on average, required 3.5 more days to become asymptomatic (HR: 0.73, 95%confidence interval: 0.56 to 0.96, p=0.02) and 7 more days to RTP (HR: 0.64, 95% confidence interval: 0.49 to 0.85, p&lt;0.01) compared with SRC. NRC were associated with an increase of 1.83 (p=0.07) symptoms reported at the time of diagnosis, an increase of 6.95 (p=0.06) in symptom severity and a higher prevalence of reported LOC (22% NRC vs. 3% SRC, p\n                      <jats:italic>&lt;<\/jats:italic>\n                      0.001), PTA (15% NRC vs. 5% SRC, p&lt;\n                      <jats:italic>0<\/jats:italic>\n                      .01) and RGA (10% NRC vs. 4% SRC, p\n                      <jats:italic>=<\/jats:italic>\n                      0.06), compared with SRC. There was no significant difference in clinical care (p\n                      <jats:italic>=<\/jats:italic>\n                      0.28) or immediate reporting (p=0.35) between NRC and SRC.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>NRC were associated with greater severity and longer recovery duration when compared with SRC in a cohort of collegiate athletes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-079953","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,29]],"date-time":"2024-04-29T03:00:46Z","timestamp":1714359646000},"page":"e079953","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Recovery duration and concussion severity in sport- and non-sport-related concussion among Pac-12 collegiate athletes: a retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5286-8229","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Niki","family":"Konstantinides","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Geraghty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3670-6609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kimberly","family":"Harmon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Family Medicine and Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bridget M","family":"Whelan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sourav K","family":"Poddar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Family Medicine and Orthopedics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Bohr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025120619174062000_14.4.e079953.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-3101"},{"key":"2025120619174062000_14.4.e079953.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.17626","article-title":"Characteristics and incidence of concussion among a US collegiate undergraduate population","volume":"2","author":"Breck","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"2025120619174062000_14.4.e079953.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-021-01541-7"},{"key":"2025120619174062000_14.4.e079953.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967118760854","article-title":"Reconsidering return-to-play times: A broader perspective on concussion recovery","volume":"6","author":"D\u2019Lauro","year":"2018","journal-title":"Orthop J Sports 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