{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T19:41:32Z","timestamp":1774640492614,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,2]],"date-time":"2024-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706832000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000014","name":"Canadian Blood Services","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000014","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000156","name":"Fonds de Recherche du Qu\u00e9bec - Sant\u00e9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000156","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004390","name":"Ottawa Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004390","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Anesthesia Alternate Funds Association","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007867","name":"Universit\u00e9 Laval","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007867","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,9]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dexmedetomidine is a promising pharmaceutical strategy to minimise opioid use during surgery. Despite its growing use, it is uncertain whether dexmedetomidine can improve patient-centred outcomes such as quality of recovery and pain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We will conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis following the recommendations of the\n                      <jats:italic>Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews<\/jats:italic>\n                      . We will search MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, Web of Science and CINAHL approximately in October 2023. We will include randomised controlled trials evaluating the impact of systemic intraoperative dexmedetomidine on patient-centred outcomes. Patient-centred outcome definition will be based on the consensus definition established by the Standardised Endpoints in Perioperative Medicine initiative (StEP-COMPAC). Our primary outcome will be the quality of recovery after surgery. Our secondary outcomes will be patient well-being, function, health-related quality of life, life impact, multidimensional assessment of postoperative acute pain, chronic pain, persistent postoperative opioid use, opioid-related adverse events, hospital length of stay and adverse events. Two reviewers will independently screen and identify trials and extract data. We will evaluate the risk of bias of trials using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool (RoB 2.0). We will synthesise data using a random effects Bayesian model framework, estimating the probability of achieving a benefit and its clinical significance. We will assess statistical heterogeneity with the tau-squared and explore sources of heterogeneity with meta-regression. We have involved patient partners, clinicians, methodologists, and key partner organisations in the development of this protocol, and we plan to continue this collaboration throughout all phases of this systematic review.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our systematic review does not require research ethics approval. It will help inform current clinical practice guidelines and guide development of future randomised controlled trials. The results will be disseminated in open-access peer-reviewed journals, presented at conferences and shared among collaborators and networks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>PROSPERO registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CRD42023439896.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-080012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T23:26:46Z","timestamp":1706830006000},"page":"e080012","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Effectiveness of dexmedetomidine during surgery under general anaesthesia on patient-centred outcomes: a systematic review and Bayesian meta-analysis protocol"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3257-7878","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Verret","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec, Quebec, Canada"},{"name":"Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Research Unit (Trauma - Emergency - Critical Care Medicine), CHU de Qu\u00e9bec - Universit\u00e9 Laval Research Center, Qu\u00e9bec, Quebec, Canada"},{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John Bao Phuc","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0322-382X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manoj M","family":"Lalu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8543-1859","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel I","family":"McIsaac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stuart","family":"Nicholls","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5675-8791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexis F","family":"Turgeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec, Quebec, Canada"},{"name":"Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Research Unit (Trauma - Emergency - Critical Care Medicine), CHU de Qu\u00e9bec - Universit\u00e9 Laval Research Center, Qu\u00e9bec, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5662-8647","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian","family":"Hutton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fiona","family":"Zivkovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Patient Partner, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Megan","family":"Graham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Patient Partner, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maxime","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Patient Partner, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Allison","family":"Geist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Patient Partner, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6657-3915","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melanie","family":"Berube","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Research Unit (Trauma - Emergency - Critical Care Medicine), CHU de Qu\u00e9bec - Universit\u00e9 Laval Research Center, Qu\u00e9bec, Quebec, Canada"},{"name":"Faculty of Nursing, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5293-8792","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ian","family":"Gilron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Poulin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helena","family":"Daudt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pain Canada, Pain BC, Vancouver, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1242-2601","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guillaume","family":"Martel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jason","family":"McVicar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Husein","family":"Moloo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3389-2485","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dean A","family":"Fergusson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121411494269000_14.2.e080012.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000003668"},{"key":"2025121411494269000_14.2.e080012.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2066","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.13293","article-title":"A multinational, drug utilization study to investigate the use of dexmedetomidine (Dexdor\u00ae) in clinical practice in the EU","volume":"83","author":"Weatherall","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"2025121411494269000_14.2.e080012.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.4103\/0975-2870.108625","article-title":"Dexmedetomidine: expanding role in anesthesia","volume":"6","author":"Paranjpe","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med J DY Patil Univ"},{"key":"2025121411494269000_14.2.e080012.4","unstructured":"FDA . Center for drug evaluation and research. 2010. Available: https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/nda\/2010\/021038Orig1s017.pdf"},{"key":"2025121411494269000_14.2.e080012.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.2147\/TCRM.S5374","article-title":"Update on dexmedetomidine: use in nonintubated patients requiring sedation for surgical procedures","volume":"6","author":"Shukry","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ther Clin Risk Manag"},{"key":"2025121411494269000_14.2.e080012.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-020-00853-z","article-title":"Dexmedetomidine in enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols for postoperative pain","volume":"24","author":"Kaye","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Pain Headache Rep"},{"key":"2025121411494269000_14.2.e080012.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1826","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-022-06587-w","article-title":"Guidelines for perioperative care in elective abdominal and pelvic surgery at primary and secondary hospitals in low-middle-income countries (LMIC\u2019s): enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) society recommendation","volume":"46","author":"Oodit","year":"2022","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"2025121411494269000_14.2.e080012.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2020.07.041","article-title":"Guidelines for perioperative care in Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) with or without Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC): enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS\u00ae) society recommendations - part I: preoperative and intraoperative management","volume":"46","author":"H\u00fcbner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"2025121411494269000_14.2.e080012.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ijgc-2019-000356"},{"key":"2025121411494269000_14.2.e080012.10","first-page":"47","article-title":"Clinical guidance for acute postoperative pain management 2019 the Royal college of Anesthesiologists of Thailand (RCAT) and the Thai Association for the study of pain (TASP): second edition","volume":"46","author":"Thienthong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Thai Journal of Anesthesiology"},{"key":"2025121411494269000_14.2.e080012.11","unstructured":"ACS . ACS Trauma Quality Programs: Best Practices Guidelines for Pain Management in Trauma Patients ed. American College of Surgeon, 2020. Available: https:\/\/www.facs.org\/quality-programs\/trauma\/quality\/best-practices-guidelines"},{"key":"2025121411494269000_14.2.e080012.12","unstructured":"ANZCA . Ps41(G) position statement on acute pain management 2022. Australian and New Zealand College of Anesthetists and Faculty of Medicine 2022. Available: https:\/\/www.anzca.edu.au\/getattachment\/558316c5-ea93-457c-b51f-d57556b0ffa7\/PS41-Guideline-on-acute-pain-management"},{"key":"2025121411494269000_14.2.e080012.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2019.07.020","article-title":"Systematic review and consensus definitions for the standardised endpoints in perioperative medicine initiative: patient-centred outcomes","volume":"123","author":"Moonesinghe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"2025121411494269000_14.2.e080012.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1899","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S139387","article-title":"Dexmedetomidine in perioperative acute pain management: a non-opioid adjuvant analgesic","volume":"10","author":"Tang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Pain Res"},{"key":"2025121411494269000_14.2.e080012.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e31825681cb"},{"key":"2025121411494269000_14.2.e080012.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199212000-00014"},{"key":"2025121411494269000_14.2.e080012.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000000587","article-title":"Patient-centered endpoints for perioperative outcomes research","volume":"122","author":"Kalkman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"2025121411494269000_14.2.e080012.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"F\u00f8nhus MS , Dalsb\u00f8 TK , Johansen M , et al . Patient-mediated interventions to improve professional practice [in eng]. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018;9. doi:10.1002\/14651858.CD012472.pub2","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012472.pub2"},{"key":"2025121411494269000_14.2.e080012.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1185\/03007995.2015.1092122"},{"key":"2025121411494269000_14.2.e080012.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000001159","article-title":"How much better is good enough?: patient-reported outcomes, minimal clinically important differences, and patient acceptable symptom States in perioperative research","volume":"125","author":"Wijeysundera","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"2025121411494269000_14.2.e080012.21","first-page":"61","article-title":"Patient-reported outcomes (pros) and patient-reported outcome measures (Proms","volume":"6","author":"Weldring","year":"2013","journal-title":"Health Serv Insights"},{"key":"2025121411494269000_14.2.e080012.22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASM.0000795168.75245.f6","article-title":"Listening to the patient voice and learning from the patient experience","volume":"85","author":"Perfetto","year":"2021","journal-title":"ASA Monitor"},{"key":"2025121411494269000_14.2.e080012.23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2021.09.027","article-title":"Core outcome measures for perioperative and anaesthetic care (COMPAC): a modified Delphi process to develop a core outcome set for trials in perioperative care and anaesthesia","volume":"128","author":"Boney","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"2025121411494269000_14.2.e080012.24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miao M , Xu Y , Li B , et al . Intravenous administration of dexmedetomidine and quality of recovery after elective surgery in adult patients: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials [in eng]. J Clin Anesth 2020;65. doi:10.1016\/j.jclinane.2020.109849","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2020.109849"},{"key":"2025121411494269000_14.2.e080012.25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-070748","article-title":"Intraoperative pharmacologic opioid Minimisation strategies and patient-centred outcomes after surgery: a Scoping review protocol","volume":"13","author":"Verret","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2025121411494269000_14.2.e080012.26","unstructured":"T. J. Higgins JPT , Chandler J , Cumpston M , et al . Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions version 6.2, Available: www.training.cochrane.org\/handbook"},{"key":"2025121411494269000_14.2.e080012.27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/2046-4053-4-1","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement","volume":"4","author":"Moher","year":"2015","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"key":"2025121411494269000_14.2.e080012.28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2017.12.037","article-title":"Systematic review and consensus definitions for the standardised endpoints in perioperative medicine (step) initiative: patient comfort","volume":"120","author":"Myles","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"2025121411494269000_14.2.e080012.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.2006.04156.x"},{"key":"2025121411494269000_14.2.e080012.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EJA.0000000000000118"},{"key":"2025121411494269000_14.2.e080012.31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2022.12.012","article-title":"Systematic reviews and consensus definitions for the standardised endpoints in perioperative medicine (step) initiative: mortality, morbidity, and organ failure","volume":"130","author":"Jackson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"2025121411494269000_14.2.e080012.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2016.01.021"},{"key":"2025121411494269000_14.2.e080012.33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2020.02.009","article-title":"Quality control for Crowdsourcing citation screening: the importance of assessment number and qualification set size","volume":"122","author":"Nama","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"2025121411494269000_14.2.e080012.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M19-0891"},{"key":"2025121411494269000_14.2.e080012.35","article-title":"Validation of the reliability of machine translation for a medical article from Japanese to English using Deepl translator","volume":"13","author":"Takakusagi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"2025121411494269000_14.2.e080012.36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-021-01626-4","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"10","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"key":"2025121411494269000_14.2.e080012.37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.14738.1","article-title":"The development and evaluation of an online application to assist in the extraction of data from graphs for use in systematic reviews","volume":"3","author":"Cramond","year":"2018","journal-title":"Wellcome Open Res"},{"key":"2025121411494269000_14.2.e080012.38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/s40614-021-00284-0","article-title":"Validity and reliability analysis of the Plotdigitizer software program for data extraction from single-case graphs","volume":"45","author":"Aydin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Perspect Behav Sci"},{"key":"2025121411494269000_14.2.e080012.39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2017.02.421","article-title":"The ACTTION\u2013APS\u2013AAPM pain Taxonomy (AAAPT) multidimensional approach to classifying acute pain conditions","volume":"18","author":"Kent","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"key":"2025121411494269000_14.2.e080012.40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sterne JAC , Savovi\u0107 J , Page MJ , et al . Rob 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials [in eng]. BMJ 2019;366. doi:10.1136\/bmj.l4898","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l4898"},{"key":"2025121411494269000_14.2.e080012.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2021.09.021"},{"key":"2025121411494269000_14.2.e080012.42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Harrer M , Cuijpers P , Furukawa TA , et al . Doing meta-analysis with R. In: Doing Meta-Analysis With R: A Hands-On Guide. 1st ed. Boca Raton: Chapman & Hall\/CRC Press, 2021. doi:10.1201\/9781003107347","DOI":"10.1201\/9781003107347"},{"key":"2025121411494269000_14.2.e080012.43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rover C . Bayesian random-effects meta-analysis using the Bayesmeta R package. J Stat Softw 2020.","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v093.i06"},{"key":"2025121411494269000_14.2.e080012.44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"B\u00fcrkner P-C . \"Brms: an R package for Bayesian Multilevel models using Stan. J Stat Softw 2017. doi:10.18637\/jss.v080.i01","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v080.i01"},{"key":"2025121411494269000_14.2.e080012.45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-11-211","article-title":"Patient-reported outcomes in meta-analyses-part 2: methods for improving Interpretability for decision-makers","volume":"11","author":"Johnston","year":"2013","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"key":"2025121411494269000_14.2.e080012.46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000001158"},{"key":"2025121411494269000_14.2.e080012.47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-11-109","article-title":"Patient-reported outcomes in meta-analyses--part 1: assessing risk of bias and combining outcomes","volume":"11","author":"Johnston","year":"2013","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"key":"2025121411494269000_14.2.e080012.48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0272989X8500500205"},{"key":"2025121411494269000_14.2.e080012.49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1037\/tra0001316","article-title":"A practical guide to random-effects Bayesian meta-analyses with application to the psychological trauma and suicide literature","volume":"15","author":"Reis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychol Trauma"},{"key":"2025121411494269000_14.2.e080012.50","unstructured":"R. R Core Team . R: A language and environment for statistical computing. 2013."},{"key":"2025121411494269000_14.2.e080012.51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.20982\/tqmp.14.2.p099","article-title":"User-friendly Bayesian regression modeling: A Tutorial with Rstanarm and Shinystan","volume":"14","author":"Muth","year":"2018","journal-title":"TQMP"},{"key":"2025121411494269000_14.2.e080012.52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/met0000065"},{"key":"2025121411494269000_14.2.e080012.53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30352-6"},{"key":"2025121411494269000_14.2.e080012.54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199305000-00005"},{"key":"2025121411494269000_14.2.e080012.55","unstructured":"Sch\u00fcnemann H , Bro\u017cek J , Guyatt G , et al . n.d. Handbook for grading the quality of evidence and the strength of recommendations using the GRADE approach."},{"key":"2025121411494269000_14.2.e080012.56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-023-02432-3","article-title":"Engaging patients in Anesthesiology research: a rewarding frontier","volume":"70","author":"Verret","year":"2023","journal-title":"Can J Anaesth"},{"key":"2025121411494269000_14.2.e080012.57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n160","article-title":"PRISMA 2020 explanation and elaboration: updated guidance and Exemplars for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-080012","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,14]],"date-time":"2025-12-14T19:49:54Z","timestamp":1765741794000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-080012"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-080012"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-080012","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2044-6055","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-6055","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]}}}