{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T11:57:22Z","timestamp":1786363042391,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,2]],"date-time":"2024-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714608000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,25]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a global public health crisis impacting low-income and middle-income countries such as Bangladesh. While self-management is encouraged for individuals with T2DM, there is a significant lack of knowledge regarding the factors of facilitators, barriers and expectations associated with T2DM self-management in Bangladesh. This research aims to investigate the potential elements that support, impede and are anticipated in the effective practice of self-management for T2DM in rural areas of Bangladesh.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study will use an exploratory qualitative approach. 16 focus group discussions, 13 in-depth interviews and 9 key informant interviews will be conducted among multilevel stakeholders, including people with T2DM, their caregivers, healthcare providers, health managers\/administrators and policy planners. Interviews will be audio-recorded, transcribed, translated and analysed using thematic analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This research project has been approved by the Monash University Human Research Ethics Committee (project reference number: 39483) and the Ethical Review Committee of the Centre for Injury Prevention and Research, Bangladesh (Memo: CIPRB\/ERC\/2023\/14). Research findings will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals and conference presentations. Published reports will include group data. Individual data privacy will be strictly maintained.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-081385","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,2]],"date-time":"2024-05-02T13:05:50Z","timestamp":1714655150000},"page":"e081385","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Exploring type 2 diabetes self-management practices in rural Bangladesh: facilitators, barriers and expectations\u2014a qualitative study protocol"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7912-8303","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hasina Akhter","family":"Chowdhury","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Injury Prevention and Research Bangladesh (CIPRB), Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anju E","family":"Joham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation\u2014MCHRI, Monash University Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, Clayton, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Diabetes, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashraful","family":"Kabir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A K M Fazlur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Injury Prevention and Research Bangladesh (CIPRB), Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liaquat","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pothikrit Institute of Health Studies (PIHS), Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheryce L","family":"Harrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation\u2014MCHRI, Monash University School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baki","family":"Billah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121511315710000_14.5.e081385.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20080008"},{"key":"2025121511315710000_14.5.e081385.2","unstructured":"IDF . 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