{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T09:33:47Z","timestamp":1784021627019,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,29]],"date-time":"2024-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706486400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":28,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute for Health and Social Care Research","award":["NIHR 302160Clinical Doctoral Research Fellowship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIHR 302160Clinical Doctoral Research Fellowship"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,28]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Post-traumatic symptoms are common among patients discharged from intensive care units (ICUs), adversely affecting well-being, increasing healthcare utilisation and delaying return to work. Non-pharmacological approaches (eg, music, therapeutic touch and patient diaries) have been suggested as candidate interventions and trauma-focused psychological interventions have been endorsed by international bodies. Neither category of intervention is supported by definitive evidence of long-term clinical effectiveness in patients who have been critically ill. This study assesses the feasibility and acceptability of using eye-movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR) to improve the mental health of ICU survivors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>EMERALD is a multicentre, two-part consent, pilot feasibility study, recruiting discharged ICU survivors from three hospitals in the UK. We are gathering demographics and measuring post-traumatic symptoms, anxiety, depression and quality of life at baseline. Two months after discharge, participants are screened for symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) using the Impact of Events Scale-Revised (IES-R). Patients with IES-R scores&lt;22 continue in an observation arm for 12 month follow-up. IES-R scores\u226522 indicate above-threshold PTSD symptoms and trigger invitation to consent for part B: a randomised controlled trial (RCT) of EMDR versus usual care, with 1:1 randomisation. The study assesses feasibility (recruitment, retention and intervention fidelity) and acceptability (through semistructured interviews), using a theoretical acceptability framework. Clinical outcomes (PTSD, anxiety, depression and quality of life) are collected at baseline, 2 and 12 months, informing power calculations for a definitive RCT, with quantitative and qualitative data convergence guiding RCT refinements.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study has undergone external expert peer review and is funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (grant number: NIHR302160). Ethical approval has been granted by South Central-Hampshire A Research Ethics Committee (IRAS number: 317291). Results will be disseminated through the lay media, social media, peer-reviewed publication and conference presentation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"clintrialgov\" xlink:href=\"NCT05591625\">NCT05591625<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-081969","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,29]],"date-time":"2024-01-29T22:16:32Z","timestamp":1706566592000},"page":"e081969","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Mixed-methods randomised study exploring the feasibility and acceptability of eye-movement desensitisation and reprocessing for improving the mental health of traumatised survivors of intensive care following hospital discharge: protocol"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"14","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct05591625","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3614-0270","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew","family":"Bates","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Perioperative and Critical Care Theme, NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK"},{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah","family":"Golding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Perioperative and Critical Care Theme, NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Rushbrook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dorset HealthCare University NHS Foundation Trust, Poole, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Highfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalie","family":"Pattison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK"},{"name":"East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust, Stevenage, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Baldwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK"},{"name":"Southern Health NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael P W","family":"Grocott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Perioperative and Critical Care Theme, NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK"},{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Cusack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Perioperative and Critical Care Theme, NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK"},{"name":"University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121603390469000_14.1.e081969.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3181fd66e5"},{"key":"2025121603390469000_14.1.e081969.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60446-1"},{"key":"2025121603390469000_14.1.e081969.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-153-3-201008030-00013"},{"key":"2025121603390469000_14.1.e081969.4","unstructured":"The Faculty of Intensive Care Medicine . 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