{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T18:09:48Z","timestamp":1793642988106,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,3]],"date-time":"2024-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717372800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,21]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this study is to estimate the indirect economic burden of 22 cancer types in Jordan using both the human capital approach (HCA) and the value of a statistical life year (VSLY) approach. Additionally, this study aims to forecast the burden of these cancers for the next 5 years while employing time series analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective observational study with a time series analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Disability adjusted life years records from the IHME Global Burden Disease estimates 2019 data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Primary outcome measure<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Indirect economic burden of cancer in Jordan.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The mean total economic burden for all cancers is estimated to be $1.82\u2009billion using HCA and $3.13\u2009billion using VSLY approach. The cancers contributing most to the total burden are \u2018tracheal, bronchus and lung cancer\u2019 ($359.5\u2009million HCA, $618.3\u2009million VSLY), followed by \u2018colon and rectum cancer\u2019 ($300.6\u2009million HCA, $517.1\u2009million VSLY) and \u2018breast cancer\u2019 ($292.4\u2009million HCA, $502.9\u2009million VSLY). The indirect economic burden ranged from 1.4% to 2.1% of the gross domestic product (GDP) using the HCA, and from 2.3% to 3.6% of the GDP using the VSLY approach. The indirect economic burden is expected to reach 2.3 and 3.5\u2009billion Intl$ by the year 2025 using the HCA and VSLY approach, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The indirect economic burden of cancer in Jordan amounted to 1.4%\u20133.6% of total GDP, with tracheal, bronchus and lung cancer; colon and rectum cancer; and breast cancer contributing to over 50% of the total burden. This will help set national cancer spending priorities following Jordan\u2019s economic modernisation vision with regard to maximising health economic outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-082025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,3]],"date-time":"2024-06-03T12:20:51Z","timestamp":1717417251000},"page":"e082025","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Estimating the indirect economic burden of cancer in Jordan: a retrospective observational study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5192-4823","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Omar","family":"Rashdan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, Middle East University, Amman, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121515090100000_14.6.e082025.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1080\/13629395.2020.1850624","article-title":"Jordan\u2019s economic, security and political challenges under COVID-19","volume":"27","author":"Badarin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mediterranean Politics"},{"key":"2025121515090100000_14.6.e082025.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nimri O . 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