{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T11:34:00Z","timestamp":1791200040833,"version":"4.2.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]],"date-time":"2024-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714003200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":24,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Violence has had adverse effects on the physical and psychological dimensions of pregnant women. This study was conducted with the aim of determining the relationship of domestic violence with pregnancy symptoms and pregnancy experience.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this cross-sectional study, pregnant women were selected through two-stage cluster sampling method. Data were collected using the domestic violence questionnaire of the WHO, pregnancy symptoms inventory (PSI) and pregnancy experience scale (PES). To determine the relationship between domestic violence with pregnancy symptoms and pregnancy experience, adjusted general linear model was used in multivariate analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Health centres in Urmia\u2014Iran in 2022.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>415 pregnant women.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The frequency of emotional, physical and sexual violence was 86.0%, 67.7% and 79.5%, respectively. The mean (SD) of PSI was 49.45 (14.38) with attainable score of 0\u2013123 and PES including happiness and worry was 14.32 (6.48) and 16.21 (2.51) with attainable score of 0\u201330, respectively. Based on the adjusted general linear model, the mean score of PSI in women who experienced physical violence (mild (p&lt;0.001) and moderate (p&lt;0.001)); sexual violence (mild (p&lt;0.001), moderate (p&lt;0.001) and severe (p&lt;0.001)); and emotional violence (mild (p&lt;0.001), moderate (p=0.002) and severe (p&lt;0.001)) was significantly higher than women without experiencing violence. The mean score of happiness during pregnancy in women who experienced physical violence (moderate (p=0.011)) and emotional violence (mild (p&lt;0.001), moderate (p=0.002) and severe (p&lt;0.001)) was significantly lower than women without experience of violence. Also, the mean score of worry scores in women with experience of sexual violence (mild (p=0.001) and moderate (p=0.012)) and emotional violence (mild (p&lt;0.001), moderate (p&lt;0.001)) and severe (p&lt;0.001)) was significantly higher than women without experiencing violence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Considering the relationship between violence and pregnancy symptoms and pregnancy experiences, it is necessary to use appropriate strategies to prevent violence in pregnant women.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-082570","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,26]],"date-time":"2024-04-26T02:16:59Z","timestamp":1714097819000},"page":"e082570","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Relationship of domestic violence with pregnancy symptoms and pregnancy experience in Iranian pregnant women: a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Aliasghari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nursing and Midwifery Faculty, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, The Islamic Republic of Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Effati-Daryani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Midwifery Department, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, The Islamic Republic of Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azam","family":"Mohammadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, The Islamic Republic of Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8360-4309","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mojgan","family":"Mirghafourvand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, The Islamic Republic of Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025120618554318000_14.4.e082570.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110098","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2020.110098","article-title":"Effect of Prenatal distress on subjective happiness in pregnant women: the role of Prenatal attitudes towards maternity and ego-resiliency","volume":"163","author":"Ilska","year":"2020","journal-title":"Personality and Individual Differences"},{"key":"2025120618554318000_14.4.e082570.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.52547\/unmf.20.10.806","article-title":"The effect of group counseling on the pregnancy experience in primigravida women: an Interventional study","volume":"20","author":"Kia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nursing and Midwifery Journal"},{"key":"2025120618554318000_14.4.e082570.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2015.11.009","article-title":"Pregnant women\u2019s thoughts when assessing fear of birth on the fear of birth scale","volume":"29","author":"Ternstr\u00f6m","year":"2016","journal-title":"Women Birth"},{"key":"2025120618554318000_14.4.e082570.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0361684310384105"},{"key":"2025120618554318000_14.4.e082570.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jped.2013.02.013","article-title":"Factors associated with physical aggression in pregnant women and adverse outcomes for the newborn","volume":"89","author":"Viellas","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Pediatr (Rio J)"},{"key":"2025120618554318000_14.4.e082570.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-13-1"},{"key":"2025120618554318000_14.4.e082570.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18105281","article-title":"Caring for mothers: a narrative review on interpersonal violence and Peripartum mental health","volume":"18","author":"Mazza","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"2025120618554318000_14.4.e082570.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1648","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)62243-6","article-title":"Worldwide prevalence of non-partner sexual violence: a systematic review","volume":"383","author":"Abrahams","year":"2014","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"2025120618554318000_14.4.e082570.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Golian Tehrani S , Bazzazian S , Dehghan Nayeri N . 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