{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T07:10:24Z","timestamp":1787987424764,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,12]],"date-time":"2024-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718150400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":11,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003478","name":"Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22FA1004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22FA1004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003478","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP23KJ1892"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP23KJ1892"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Numerous reports have described injuries and illnesses in competitive athletes, but studies on leisure-time physical activity and associated adverse events in the general population have not been adequately reviewed. This study aimed to summarise the previous findings on this topic.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Scoping review.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data sources<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PubMed and Ichushi-Web for articles in English and Japanese, respectively (13 April 2023).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Eligibility criteria for selecting studies<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Articles on adverse events related to sports performed by \u2018individuals and groups active in the community\u2019 were included, whereas those on elite athletes, exercise therapy and rehabilitation, and school sports were excluded. Terms related to physical activity, exercise, sports and adverse events were used for the search strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The literature search yielded 67 eligible articles. Most articles were from the USA, Japan and Australia. Running, scuba diving, rugby and soccer were the most commonly reported sports. Adults were the most common age category in the samples. The most commonly reported adverse events were injuries; only 10 articles reported diseases. 13 longitudinal studies reported the frequency of adverse events based on the number of events\/participants\u00d7exposure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adverse events such as sports trauma, disability and certain diseases occur sometimes during sporting activities by residents; however, the articles identified in this review showed biases related to the countries and regions where they were published and the sports disciplines and types of adverse events reported, and articles reporting the frequency of adverse events were also limited. This highlights the need for more high-quality observational studies on diverse populations in the future.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-082984","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,12]],"date-time":"2024-06-12T15:31:46Z","timestamp":1718206306000},"page":"e082984","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Epidemiology of adverse events related to sports among community people: a scoping review"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9659-6325","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akihiro","family":"Hirata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Fellow, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan"},{"name":"Graduate School of Health Management, Keio University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4538-682X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoshinobu","family":"Saito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport Management, Nippon Sport Science University, Yokohama, Tokyo, Japan"},{"name":"Graduate School of Physical Education, Health and Sport Studies, Nippon Sport Science University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-2769-0507","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manabu","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Health Management, Keio University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4339-2280","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasuaki","family":"Muramatsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Health Management, Keio University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-4552-2820","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kento","family":"Tabira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Health Management, Keio University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-8787-5369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kanako","family":"Kikuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Health Management, Keio University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-6943-1378","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomoki","family":"Manabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Health Management, Keio University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-9917-7926","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kentaro","family":"Oka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Health Management, Keio University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-1840-7163","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mizuki","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Health Management, Keio University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5945-0661","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuko","family":"Oguma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Health Management, Keio University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan"},{"name":"Sports Medicine Research Center, Keio University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025120519190549000_14.6.e082984.1","unstructured":"World Health Organization . WHO guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour, 2020. Available: https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240015128 [Accessed 15 Sep 2023]."},{"key":"2025120519190549000_14.6.e082984.2","unstructured":"World Health Organization . Global action plan on physical activity 2018\u20132030: more active people for a healthier world, 2018. Available: https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/handle\/10665\/272722 [Accessed 15 Sep 2023]."},{"key":"2025120519190549000_14.6.e082984.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2017-097956"},{"key":"2025120519190549000_14.6.e082984.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2017-098039"},{"key":"2025120519190549000_14.6.e082984.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2018-099577"},{"key":"2025120519190549000_14.6.e082984.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjsem-2018-000468","article-title":"Epidemiology of sports injuries in basketball: integrative systematic review","volume":"4","author":"Andreoli","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med"},{"key":"2025120519190549000_14.6.e082984.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-013-0102-5"},{"key":"2025120519190549000_14.6.e082984.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2015-094978"},{"key":"2025120519190549000_14.6.e082984.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2018-100461"},{"key":"2025120519190549000_14.6.e082984.10","unstructured":"Cabinet Office . Annual Report on the Aging Society: 2022 (Summary), 2022. Available: https:\/\/www8.cao.go.jp\/kourei\/whitepaper\/w-2022\/zenbun\/04pdf_index.html [Accessed 15 Sep 2023]."},{"key":"2025120519190549000_14.6.e082984.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-0850"},{"key":"2025120519190549000_14.6.e082984.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11124\/jbies-20-00167"},{"key":"2025120519190549000_14.6.e082984.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1177\/140349489602400409","article-title":"Injuries during leisure physical activity in a Swedish municipality","volume":"24","author":"Lindqvist","year":"1996","journal-title":"Scand J Soc Med"},{"key":"2025120519190549000_14.6.e082984.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2007.044677"},{"key":"2025120519190549000_14.6.e082984.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0216217","article-title":"Injuries and concussions among young children, ages 5\u201311, playing sports in recreational leagues in Florida","volume":"14","author":"Liller","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025120519190549000_14.6.e082984.16","first-page":"114","article-title":"Sports related incidence surveillance in public sports centers","volume":"19","author":"Takada","year":"2011","journal-title":"Jpn J Clin Sports Med"},{"key":"2025120519190549000_14.6.e082984.17","first-page":"258","article-title":"Exercise-related accident surveillance and risk management of curves\u24c7","volume":"27","author":"Naito","year":"2019","journal-title":"Japanese Journal of Clinical Sports Medicine"},{"key":"2025120519190549000_14.6.e082984.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.20.4.332"},{"key":"2025120519190549000_14.6.e082984.19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-52.12.23","article-title":"Injuries in Japanese Junior Soccer players during games and practices","volume":"52","author":"Kuzuhara","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"key":"2025120519190549000_14.6.e082984.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.28920\/dhm50.2.92-97","article-title":"Recreational diving-related injury insurance claims among divers alert network Japan members: retrospective analysis of 321 cases from 2010 to 2014","volume":"50","author":"Kojima","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diving Hyperb Med"},{"key":"2025120519190549000_14.6.e082984.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s776-002-8405-7"},{"key":"2025120519190549000_14.6.e082984.22","first-page":"272","article-title":"Epidemiology of kite Surfing injuries among recreational athletes","volume":"18","author":"Grunner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Isr Med Assoc J"},{"key":"2025120519190549000_14.6.e082984.23","first-page":"231","article-title":"Snowboarding injuries, a four-year study with comparison with Alpine ski injuries","volume":"164","author":"Davidson","year":"1996","journal-title":"West J Med"},{"key":"2025120519190549000_14.6.e082984.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2004.015750"},{"key":"2025120519190549000_14.6.e082984.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-6405.2009.00377.x"},{"key":"2025120519190549000_14.6.e082984.26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.7196\/SAMJ.4061","article-title":"Spinal cord injuries in South African Rugby Union (1980 \u2014 2007)","volume":"100","author":"Hermanus","year":"2010","journal-title":"S Afr Med J"},{"key":"2025120519190549000_14.6.e082984.27","first-page":"891","article-title":"Diving-related deaths in Hong Kong waters, 2006-2009","volume":"39","author":"Lippmann","year":"2012","journal-title":"Undersea Hyperb Med"},{"key":"2025120519190549000_14.6.e082984.28","first-page":"76","article-title":"Injuries sustained during Karate matches","volume":"27","author":"Imai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Japanese Journal of Clinical Sports Medicine"},{"key":"2025120519190549000_14.6.e082984.29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-019-01176-9","article-title":"Injury risk in New Zealand Rugby Union: a nationwide study of injury insurance claims from 2005 to 2017","volume":"50","author":"Quarrie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"2025120519190549000_14.6.e082984.30","first-page":"92","article-title":"Golf safety measures: a study of the actual situation of accidents (acute trauma and chronic injury) and preventive measures through a questionnaire survey of golf courses","volume":"28","author":"Yoshihara","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Sports Medicine"},{"key":"2025120519190549000_14.6.e082984.31","first-page":"78","article-title":"Mountaineering fatalities in mt cook National Park","volume":"114","author":"Malcolm","year":"2001","journal-title":"N Z Med J"},{"key":"2025120519190549000_14.6.e082984.32","first-page":"258","article-title":"Sports injuries in Karate Competitions","volume":"18","author":"Minami","year":"2010","journal-title":"Japanese Journal of Clinical Sports Medicine"},{"key":"2025120519190549000_14.6.e082984.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354658201000503"},{"key":"2025120519190549000_14.6.e082984.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1992.02160180101026"},{"key":"2025120519190549000_14.6.e082984.35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2007.00683.x","article-title":"Prevalence and incidence of lower extremity injuries in male Marathon runners","volume":"18","author":"Van Middelkoop","year":"2008","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"key":"2025120519190549000_14.6.e082984.36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.13405","article-title":"Prevalence of head injury and medically diagnosed concussion in Junior-level community-based Australian rules football","volume":"53","author":"Hecimovich","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Paediatr Child Health"},{"key":"2025120519190549000_14.6.e082984.37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0000000000000425","article-title":"Injuries among recreational football players: results of a prospective cohort study","volume":"28","author":"D\u00f6nmez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin J Sport Med"},{"key":"2025120519190549000_14.6.e082984.38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1080\/00913847.2021.1924045","article-title":"Impact, incidence and prevalence of musculoskeletal injuries in senior amateur male Rugby: Epidemiological study","volume":"50","author":"Tondelli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Phys Sportsmed"},{"key":"2025120519190549000_14.6.e082984.39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2019.07.016","article-title":"Australian Netball injuries in 2016: an overview of insurance data","volume":"22","author":"Joseph","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Sci Med Sport"},{"key":"2025120519190549000_14.6.e082984.40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2023.01.003","article-title":"A cross-sectional retrospective survey of injury situation and prevalence in female recreational Netball players with a focus on knee injuries","volume":"60","author":"Mullally","year":"2023","journal-title":"Phys Ther Sport"},{"key":"2025120519190549000_14.6.e082984.41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2020.04.004","article-title":"Injury surveillance of an Australian community Netball club","volume":"44","author":"Franettovich Smith","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phys Ther Sport"},{"key":"2025120519190549000_14.6.e082984.42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2018-100417"},{"key":"2025120519190549000_14.6.e082984.43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wem.2011.06.008"},{"key":"2025120519190549000_14.6.e082984.44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jtm.12011"},{"key":"2025120519190549000_14.6.e082984.45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.28920\/dhm49.3.192-203","article-title":"Snorkelling and breath-hold diving fatalities in Australia 2001 to 2013. demographics, characteristics and chain of events","volume":"49","author":"Lippmann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diving Hyperb Med"},{"key":"2025120519190549000_14.6.e082984.46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.28920\/dhm51.1.25-33","article-title":"Snorkelling and breath-hold diving fatalities in New Zealand, 2007 to 2016","volume":"51","author":"Lippmann","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diving Hyperb Med"},{"key":"2025120519190549000_14.6.e082984.47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(05)81034-0"},{"key":"2025120519190549000_14.6.e082984.48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wem.2021.11.004","article-title":"Foot-launched flying sport fatalities in the Canton of Berne, Switzerland","volume":"33","author":"Soldati","year":"2022","journal-title":"Wilderness Environ Med"},{"key":"2025120519190549000_14.6.e082984.49","first-page":"73","article-title":"Incidence of decompression sickness (DCS) in leisure divers","volume":"33","author":"Nakayama","year":"1999","journal-title":"Japanese Journal of Hyperbaric Medicine"},{"key":"2025120519190549000_14.6.e082984.50","first-page":"79","article-title":"Scuba diving injuries among divers alert network members 2010\u20132011","volume":"44","author":"Ranapurwala","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diving Hyperb Med"},{"key":"2025120519190549000_14.6.e082984.51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.28920\/dhm49.96-106","article-title":"A survey of Scuba diving-related injuries and outcomes among French recreational divers","volume":"49","author":"Monnot","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diving Hyperb Med"},{"key":"2025120519190549000_14.6.e082984.52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wem.2017.06.002","article-title":"Injuries and illnesses occurring on a recreational bicycle tour: the great Ohio bicycle adventure","volume":"28","author":"Pommering","year":"2017","journal-title":"Wilderness Environ Med"},{"key":"2025120519190549000_14.6.e082984.53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2020.09.002","article-title":"Epidemiology of injuries in Australian Junior Rugby League players","volume":"24","author":"Orr","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport"},{"key":"2025120519190549000_14.6.e082984.54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.34.3.188"},{"key":"2025120519190549000_14.6.e082984.55","first-page":"395","article-title":"Time-loss and non-time-loss injuries in youth football players","volume":"42","author":"Dompier","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"key":"2025120519190549000_14.6.e082984.56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0000000000000011"},{"key":"2025120519190549000_14.6.e082984.57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.110.3.e28","article-title":"Survey of the injury rate for children in community sports","volume":"110","author":"Radelet","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2025120519190549000_14.6.e082984.58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.06.023","article-title":"Feature-specific ski injuries in snow parks","volume":"95","author":"Car\u00fas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Accid Anal Prev"},{"key":"2025120519190549000_14.6.e082984.59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00042752-200603000-00003"},{"key":"2025120519190549000_14.6.e082984.60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2006.033282"},{"key":"2025120519190549000_14.6.e082984.61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2008.046631"},{"key":"2025120519190549000_14.6.e082984.62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.12965\/jer.150248","article-title":"A study on the birth and globalization of sports originated from each continent","volume":"12","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Exerc Rehabil"},{"key":"2025120519190549000_14.6.e082984.63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/28.suppl_5.S-40"},{"key":"2025120519190549000_14.6.e082984.64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2014.05.026"},{"key":"2025120519190549000_14.6.e082984.65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-199214020-00002"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-082984","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,6]],"date-time":"2025-12-06T03:19:21Z","timestamp":1764991161000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-082984"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,12]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-082984"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-082984","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2044-6055","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-6055","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]}}}