{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T15:46:20Z","timestamp":1777045580297,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,22]],"date-time":"2025-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737504000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":21,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["8227122"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["8227122"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University","award":["SY-XKZT-2021-2001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SY-XKZT-2021-2001"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai","award":["20ZR1442900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20ZR1442900"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Propofol is a fast-acting intravenous anaesthetic widely used for sedation and anaesthesia in gastrointestinal endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and the induction\/maintenance of general anaesthesia in outpatients and inpatients; however, propofol has several undesirable effects, including injection pain, which affects the physical and mental health of patients, and cardiopulmonary depression, characterised by hypotension, bradycardia and apnea, which commonly occur in clinical practice. Ciprofol (HSK3486) is a propofol analogue with good clinical safety, high potency and some advantages over propofol, including lower injection pain and haemodynamic depression in patients undergoing gastroscopy and colonoscopy. This study aims to compare the impact of equivalent effective doses of propofol and ciprofol on haemodynamic changes in patients undergoing bronchoscopy under general anaesthesia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This prospective, double-blind, randomised, controlled clinical trial will recruit 250 patients aged 18\u201380 years scheduled for elective bronchoscopy under general anaesthesia. The cohort will be randomised into two groups in a 1:1 ratio: propofol (200\u2009mg\/20\u2009mL of saline) and ciprofol (40\u2009mg\/20\u2009mL of saline). The primary outcomes are changes in heart rate and blood pressure before and after induction, laryngeal mask airway (LMA) placement and bronchoscopy placement. The secondary outcomes are the incidence of choking and injection pain, the type and dose of vasoactive drugs used during the operation, and the level of postoperative satisfaction among surgeons, anaesthesiologists and patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This trial was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Shanghai Fourth People\u2019s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University and registered with the Chinese Clinical Trials Registry (Identifier: ChiCTR2200063048) on 29 August 2022. The findings of this study will be disseminated through various channels. Academic dissemination will include publication in peer-reviewed journals and presentations at national and international conferences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ChiCTR2200063048.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-083068","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,22]],"date-time":"2025-01-22T22:40:49Z","timestamp":1737585649000},"page":"e083068","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Effect of propofol and ciprofol in patients undergoing bronchoscopy: protocol for a double-blind, randomised controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Jinxuan","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiayu","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dongliang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline Planning Department, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7732-9969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cheng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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