{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T10:34:05Z","timestamp":1786358045134,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":31,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,9]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Evidence summaries on the benefits and harms of treatment options support informed decisions under controlled conditions. However, few studies have investigated how such formats support decision-making across different social groups. There is a risk that only advantaged people will be able to make informed health decisions\u2014possibly increasing the health equity gap. It is also unclear whether they support decision-making in the field at all. The aim of our study is to assess whether evidence summaries based on the fact box format can help people from different social groups make informed decisions about COVID-19 and influenza vaccinations, and thus reduce inequity in health communication.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In a multi-centre, cluster-randomised, controlled trial, health educators from usual care and outreach work in Germany will be randomised in a 1:1 ratio to provide either usual health communication plus an evidence summary (\u2018fact box\u2019) or usual health communication. Health educators provide a flyer about COVID-19 or influenza vaccination which contains a link to an online study either with (intervention) or without (control) fact box on the reverse side. Flyer and online study will be available in Arabic, German, Turkish and Russian language. The primary outcome is informed vaccination intention, based on vaccination knowledge, attitudes, intentions and behaviour. Secondary outcomes include risk perception, decisional conflict and shared decision-making. We will use linear mixed models to analyse the influence of both individual (eg, education status) and cluster level factors and account for the expected cluster variability in realising usual health communication or the intervention. The statistical analysis plan includes the selection of appropriate measures of effect size and power calculation, assuming a sample size of 800 patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The trial has been approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of Potsdam, Germany (application numbers: 34\/2021 and 57\/2022).<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals, conferences and to relevant stakeholders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Protocol version<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Version 6 (4 October 2024); Preprint available on Research Square:\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21203\/rs.3.rs-3401234\/v3\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21203\/rs.3.rs-3401234\/v3<\/jats:ext-link>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"clintrialgov\" specific-use=\"clinicaltrial results\" xlink:href=\"NCT06076421\">NCT06076421<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-083515","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T06:00:13Z","timestamp":1730440813000},"page":"e083515","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Do summaries of evidence enable informed decision-making about COVID-19 and influenza vaccination equitably across more and less disadvantaged groups? Study protocol for a multi-centre cluster randomised controlled trial of \u2018fact boxes\u2019 in health and social care in Germany"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"14","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct06076421","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov","type":"results"},{"clinical-trial-number":"nct06076421","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4674-8260","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christin","family":"Ellermann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Harding Center for Risk Literacy, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Brandenburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1348-094X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicolai","family":"Savaskan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Service Neuk\u00f6lln, Department of Public Health Service Neuk\u00f6lln, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7653-8278","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felix G","family":"Rebitschek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harding Center for Risk Literacy, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Brandenburg, Germany"},{"name":"Max-Planck-Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026081003100508000_14.10.e083515.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.281053"},{"key":"2026081003100508000_14.10.e083515.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1369-6513.2001.00140.x"},{"key":"2026081003100508000_14.10.e083515.3","unstructured":"Bundestag D . 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