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In addition, 1264 men answered the survey only.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interventions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Before having the PSA-test, men answered an electronic survey and estimated their lifetime risk of receiving a prostate cancer diagnosis on a visual analogue scale from 0% to 100%.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The primary outcome was the median lifetime risk estimation, which was compared with Wilcoxon test to an anticipated lifetime risk of 20% (based on G\u00d6TEBORG-1 trial). The secondary outcome was to determine factors associated with risk estimation in a multivariable linear regression model: previous prostate examination, family history, physical exercise, healthy diet, comorbidity, alcohol consumption, smoking, education level, marital status, urinary symptoms and erectile dysfunction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among PSA-tested men, the median estimated lifetime risk of prostate cancer was 30% (IQR 19% to 50%), corresponding to a 10 percentage-points higher estimation compared with the anticipated risk (p&lt;0.001). Family history of prostate cancer, moderate to severe urinary symptoms and mild to moderate erectile dysfunction were associated with &gt;5 percentage-points higher risk estimation. Similar results were obtained for non-PSA-tested men.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Most men overestimated their prostate cancer risk which underscores the importance of providing them accurate information about prostate cancer.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"isrctn\" xlink:href=\"ISRCTN94604465\">ISRCTN94604465<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-083562","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,17]],"date-time":"2024-08-17T06:11:50Z","timestamp":1723875110000},"page":"e083562","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["How a population-based cohort of men estimate lifetime risk of prostate cancer in a survey before entering a prostate cancer screening trial in Sweden?"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"14","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"isrctn94604465","registry":"10.18810\/isrctn"}],"author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-9219-8934","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emmeli","family":"Palmstedt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, University of Gothenburg Institute of Clinical Sciences, Goteborg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marianne","family":"M\u00e5nsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, University of Gothenburg Institute of Clinical Sciences, Goteborg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karin Stinesen","family":"Kollberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, University of Gothenburg Institute of Clinical Sciences, Goteborg, Sweden"},{"name":"Social Work, University of Gothenburg Faculty of Social Science, Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sigrid","family":"Carlsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, New York, USA"},{"name":"Translational Medicine, Division of Urological Cancers, Lund University Medical Faculty, Lund, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mikael","family":"Hellstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of Gothenburg Institute of Clinical Sciences, Goteborg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonas","family":"Wallstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of Gothenburg Institute of Clinical Sciences, Goteborg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonas","family":"Hugosson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, University of Gothenburg Institute of Clinical Sciences, Goteborg, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Urology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebecka","family":"Arnsrud Godtman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, University of Gothenburg Institute of Clinical Sciences, Goteborg, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Urology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121421585943000_14.8.e083562.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0810084"},{"key":"2025121421585943000_14.8.e083562.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2019.02.009"},{"key":"2025121421585943000_14.8.e083562.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JU.0000000000002696"},{"key":"2025121421585943000_14.8.e083562.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djh259"},{"key":"2025121421585943000_14.8.e083562.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2014.08.074"},{"key":"2025121421585943000_14.8.e083562.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1201637"},{"key":"2025121421585943000_14.8.e083562.7","unstructured":"Mottet N. 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