{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,6]],"date-time":"2025-12-06T04:21:37Z","timestamp":1764994897769,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,21]],"date-time":"2024-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734739200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":20,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The University of Queensland Business School","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}]},{"name":"East Coast Apprentices","award":["2022001760"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022001760"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,21]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Veterans deal with \u2018unobservable\u2019 medical or mental health conditions, such as post-traumatic stress disorder, at higher rates than the general population. Disclosure of such conditions is important to provide social, emotional, medical and mental health support, but veterans may face challenges when deciding whether to disclose conditions, including fear of stigma or discrimination. Safe disclosure in the workplace is particularly important, as it allows employees to gain accommodations and enables employers to manage workplace health and safety effectively. The objective of this study is to investigate the state of the literature on veterans\u2019 disclosure of mental health concerns or medical conditions and identify how it has been studied in the workplace context.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To conduct the scoping review, several databases will be searched between 10 November 2023 and September 2024 including PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, PsycInfo, CINAHL and Cochrane Library, as well as theses databases. Sources will be uploaded to Covidence where two investigators will independently conduct title\/abstract and full-text screening, with any conflicts resolved to consensus via discussion with a third investigator. Studies will be included if they are empirical, original research, focused on veterans and disclosure of mental health concerns or medical conditions and written in English. After inclusion, study information will be extracted including key findings about contexts, correlates, processes and outcomes of disclosure in compliance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The scoping review will provide insight into the state of the literature on veterans\u2019 disclosure of mental health or medical conditions, particularly in the workplace. Ethical approval is not required as the scoping review will be informed by publicly available data. Findings may be shared through journal articles or conference presentations, and recommendations will be provided to inform future research aimed at improving disclosure processes and outcomes. The scoping review has been pre-registered (\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/osf.io\/uxrjp\">https:\/\/osf.io\/uxrjp<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      ).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-083574","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,23]],"date-time":"2024-12-23T15:39:38Z","timestamp":1734968378000},"page":"e083574","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Scoping review of veterans\u2019 disclosure of mental health concerns or medical conditions in the workplace and other settings: study protocol"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1032-4941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emma B","family":"Knight","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Business School, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia"},{"name":"School of Medicine and Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6764-0606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard","family":"O\u2019Quinn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Business School, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tarli","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Justin P","family":"Brienza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Business School, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2127-1825","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura J","family":"Ferris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Business School, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025120519174839000_14.12.e083574.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1037\/tra0001329","article-title":"Emergence of probable PTSD among U.S. veterans over the military-to-civilian transition","volume":"15","author":"Copeland","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psychol Trauma"},{"key":"2025120519174839000_14.12.e083574.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1111\/sipr.12001","article-title":"Reintegration Challenges in U.S. Service Members and Veterans Following Combat Deployment","volume":"8","author":"Sayer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Soc Issues Policy Rev"},{"key":"2025120519174839000_14.12.e083574.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0128599","article-title":"The Challenges of Afghanistan and Iraq Veterans\u2019 Transition from Military to Civilian Life and Approaches to Reconnection","volume":"10","author":"Ahern","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025120519174839000_14.12.e083574.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1080\/10410236.2019.1693128","article-title":"Female U.S. Military Veterans\u2019 (Non)Disclosure of Mental Health Issues with Family and Friends: Privacy Rules and Boundary Management","volume":"36","author":"Wilson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Health Commun"},{"key":"2025120519174839000_14.12.e083574.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-6486.00391"},{"key":"2025120519174839000_14.12.e083574.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1037\/pro0000451","article-title":"A systematic review of posttraumatic stress and resilience trajectories: Identifying predictors for future treatment of veterans and service members","volume":"53","author":"Pavlacic","year":"2022","journal-title":"Prof Psychol Res Pract"},{"key":"2025120519174839000_14.12.e083574.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1080\/21635781.2019.1644260","article-title":"Impact of Canadian Armed Forces Veterans\u2019 Mental Health Problems on the Family During the Military to Civilian Transition","volume":"8","author":"Cramm","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mil Behav Health"},{"key":"2025120519174839000_14.12.e083574.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2017.11.007","article-title":"Beyond war and PTSD: The crucial role of transition stress in the lives of military veterans","volume":"59","author":"Mobbs","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"key":"2025120519174839000_14.12.e083574.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1027\/0227-5910\/a000849","article-title":"Moral Injury and Suicide Ideation Among Combat Veterans","volume":"44","author":"Levi-Belz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Crisis"},{"key":"2025120519174839000_14.12.e083574.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1080\/10911359.2015.1059168","article-title":"A review of PTSD and shame in military veterans","volume":"26","author":"Gaudet","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Hum Behav Soc Environ"},{"key":"2025120519174839000_14.12.e083574.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1080\/21635781.2013.827960","article-title":"Disclosure of Combat Events by Afghanistan and Iraq War Veterans Disclosure of Combat Events by Afghanistan and Iraq War Veterans","volume":"1","author":"Hoyt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mil Behav Health"},{"key":"2025120519174839000_14.12.e083574.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1080\/10410236.2019.1693128","article-title":"Female U. S. Military Veterans\u2019 (Non) Disclosure of Mental Health Issues with Family and Friends: Privacy Rules and Boundary Management","volume":"36","author":"Wilson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Health Commun"},{"key":"2025120519174839000_14.12.e083574.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7205\/MILMED-D-10-00054"},{"key":"2025120519174839000_14.12.e083574.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2009.09.002"},{"key":"2025120519174839000_14.12.e083574.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa055531"},{"key":"2025120519174839000_14.12.e083574.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1177\/02654075221105025","article-title":"Combat Duty in Iraq and Afghanistan, Mental Health Problems, and Barriers to Care","volume":"40","author":"Knobloch","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Soc Pers Relat"},{"key":"2025120519174839000_14.12.e083574.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114408","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2022.114408","article-title":"The role of suicide stigma in self-disclosure among civilian and veteran populations","volume":"309","author":"Ammerman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"2025120519174839000_14.12.e083574.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.2478\/plc-2018-0004","article-title":"Have you shot anyone? How combat veterans manage privacy with family and friends","volume":"22","author":"Wilbur","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychol Lang Commun"},{"key":"2025120519174839000_14.12.e083574.19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/20008198.2019.1700613","article-title":"The journey to professional mental health support: a qualitative exploration of the barriers and facilitators impacting military veterans\u2019 engagement with mental health treatment","volume":"10","author":"Rafferty","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Psychotraumatol"},{"key":"2025120519174839000_14.12.e083574.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2007.11.004"},{"key":"2025120519174839000_14.12.e083574.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1037\/fam0000124","article-title":"Veteran-child communication about parental PTSD: A mixed methods pilot study","volume":"29","author":"Sherman","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Fam Psychol"},{"key":"2025120519174839000_14.12.e083574.22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1080\/01488376.2018.1493410","article-title":"Going It Alone: Post-9\/11 Veteran Nonuse of Healthcare and Social Service Programs During Their Early Transition to Civilian Life","volume":"45","author":"Aronson","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Soc Serv Res"},{"key":"2025120519174839000_14.12.e083574.23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.1177\/0018726719875810","article-title":"Coming home: Why veterans with disabilities withhold workplace accommodation requests","volume":"73","author":"Gonzalez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hum Rel"},{"key":"2025120519174839000_14.12.e083574.24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"O\u2019Quinn R , Knight E , Brienza JP , et al . Military veterans with ptsd face an agonising choice: the stigma of declaring it to employers or being denied support. The Conversation; 2024.","DOI":"10.64628\/AA.vx47wjsnu"},{"key":"2025120519174839000_14.12.e083574.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2017.1363824"},{"key":"2025120519174839000_14.12.e083574.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2975\/35.2.2011.145.147"},{"key":"2025120519174839000_14.12.e083574.27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-12-11","article-title":"Systematic review of beliefs, behaviours and influencing factors associated with disclosure of a mental health problem in the workplace","volume":"12","author":"Brohan","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"2025120519174839000_14.12.e083574.28","first-page":"147","article-title":"Mental Illness Disclosure in the Workplace: An Opportunity for Improvement","volume":"14","author":"Branning","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am Health Drug Benefits"},{"key":"2025120519174839000_14.12.e083574.29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.orgdyn.2019.03.006","article-title":"Creating work climates that facilitate and maximize the benefits of disclosing mental health problems in the workplace","volume":"48","author":"Bonaccio","year":"2019","journal-title":"Org Dyn"},{"key":"2025120519174839000_14.12.e083574.30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20085548","article-title":"Disclosure of Mental Health Problems or Suicidality at Work: A Systematic Review","volume":"20","author":"McGrath","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"2025120519174839000_14.12.e083574.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09585192.2021.1875494"},{"key":"2025120519174839000_14.12.e083574.32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1017\/S2045796013000310","article-title":"Disclosure of a mental health problem in the employment context: qualitative study of beliefs and experiences","volume":"23","author":"Brohan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci"},{"key":"2025120519174839000_14.12.e083574.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0034355215583057"},{"key":"2025120519174839000_14.12.e083574.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/prj0000033"},{"key":"2025120519174839000_14.12.e083574.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10926-019-09848-z"},{"key":"2025120519174839000_14.12.e083574.36","first-page":"443","article-title":"It can work: Open employment for people with experience of mental illness","volume":"56","author":"Peterson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Work"},{"key":"2025120519174839000_14.12.e083574.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2019.01.017"},{"key":"2025120519174839000_14.12.e083574.38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1177\/10497323231160108","article-title":"Workers\u2019 Perspectives on Workplace Disclosure of Serious Mental Illness and Their Employers\u2019 Responses","volume":"33","author":"White","year":"2023","journal-title":"Qual Health Res"},{"key":"2025120519174839000_14.12.e083574.39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-018-1561-7","article-title":"Psychiatric diagnosis and other predictors of experienced and anticipated workplace discrimination and concealment of mental illness among mental health service users in England","volume":"53","author":"Yoshimura","year":"2018","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"key":"2025120519174839000_14.12.e083574.40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0000000000002688","article-title":"'Should I Tell My Leader or Not?'-Health-Oriented Leadership and Stigma as Antecedents of Employees\u2019 Mental Health Information Disclosure Intentions at Work","volume":"65","author":"Pischel","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"2025120519174839000_14.12.e083574.41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2019.07.031","article-title":"Disclosure and concealment of stigmatized identities","volume":"31","author":"Camacho","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Opin Psychol"},{"key":"2025120519174839000_14.12.e083574.42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/jrsm.2009.090317"},{"key":"2025120519174839000_14.12.e083574.43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691620953096","article-title":"The Challenges of Military Veterans in Their Transition to the Workplace: A Call for Integrating Basic and Applied Psychological Science","volume":"16","author":"Shepherd","year":"2021","journal-title":"Perspect Psychol Sci"},{"key":"2025120519174839000_14.12.e083574.44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1108\/S1479-355520180000016009","article-title":"Examining veteran transition to the workplace through military transition theory","volume":"16","author":"Kintzle","year":"2018","journal-title":"Res Occ Stress Well-being"},{"key":"2025120519174839000_14.12.e083574.45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Castro CA , Dursun S , Maclean MB . Essential components for a successful military-to-civilian transition. Mil Vet Reinteg 2019;245\u201351. doi:10.1016\/B978-0-12-815312-3.00011-5","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-815312-3.00011-5"},{"key":"2025120519174839000_14.12.e083574.46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wakefield JRH , Bowe M , K\u00ebllezi B , et al . Brothers and sisters in arms: A mixed\u2010methods investigation of the roles played by military support and social identity processes in the mental health of veterans during the transition to veterancy. Comm Appl Soc Psy 2024;34. doi:10.1002\/casp.2756","DOI":"10.1002\/casp.2756"},{"key":"2025120519174839000_14.12.e083574.47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1002\/hrdq.21472","article-title":"Reconceptualizing identities: Veterans\u2019 perspectives on career transition challenges","volume":"34","author":"Becker","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hum Resour Dev Quart"},{"key":"2025120519174839000_14.12.e083574.48","first-page":"100775","article-title":"The workplace integration of veterans: Applying diversity and fit perspectives","volume":"31","author":"Gonzalez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hum Resour Manag Rev"},{"key":"2025120519174839000_14.12.e083574.49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1111\/pops.12399","article-title":"The Transition Experiences of British Military Veterans","volume":"39","author":"Binks","year":"2018","journal-title":"Polit Psychol"},{"key":"2025120519174839000_14.12.e083574.50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/epirev\/mxu012"},{"key":"2025120519174839000_14.12.e083574.51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjmilitary-2021-001903"},{"key":"2025120519174839000_14.12.e083574.52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22456","article-title":"Barriers and Facilitators to Help-Seeking for Individuals With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Systematic Review","volume":"33","author":"Smith","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Trauma Stress"},{"key":"2025120519174839000_14.12.e083574.53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1364557032000119616"},{"key":"2025120519174839000_14.12.e083574.54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-0850"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-083574","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,6]],"date-time":"2025-12-06T03:18:04Z","timestamp":1764991084000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-083574"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,22]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-083574"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-083574","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2044-6055"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2044-6055"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}}}