{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T04:13:16Z","timestamp":1780373596105,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,16]],"date-time":"2024-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721088000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002920","name":"Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["25101418"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25101418"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002920","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Central Research Grant of the Hong Kong Polytechnic University","award":["P0009671"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P0009671"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,19]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Evidence about the associations of migraine features with cardiovascular risk profiles in Chinese population is lacking. The Migraine Exposures and Cardiovascular Health in Hong Kong Chinese Women (MECH-HK) cohort was constructed to investigate longitudinal migraine features and their cardiovascular implications in Hong Kong Chinese women.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We enrolled 4221 Hong Kong Chinese women aged 30 years or above from October 2019 to December 2020. Demographics, reproductive information, lifestyle factors, disease history, blood lipids and glucose, anthropometrics and body compositions were measured during baseline and follow-up. Migraine diagnosis followed the International Classification of Headache Disorders-3 criteria. Migraine features were longitudinally tracked using a migraine diary and summarised by a wide range of epidemiological metrics. Cardiovascular health was assessed using the Framingham risk score (FRS).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings to date<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>From October 2021 to June 2023, 3455\u2009women completed the first follow-up measurement. The retention rate was 81.9%. The average age at baseline was 54.40 years. The mean blood glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were 6.44\u2009mmol\/L, 65.06\u2009mg\/dL and 102.40\u2009mg\/dL, respectively. The average FRS was 0.06. Participants had a 10.3% prevalence of migraine or probable migraine. After 1.27 years of follow-up, the median migraine attack frequency was 0.99 attacks\/month, with an incidence rate of 2.55 attacks\/person-month and a median duration of 7.70\u2009hours\/attack. Sleep problems (64.7%) and stress (54.0%) were the top triggers, while prevalent accompanying symptoms were nausea (67.4%), photophobia (39.9%), phonophobia (30.0%) and vomiting (26.2%). Migraine auras included blurred visions (59.6%), flashing lights (41.3%), blind spots (33.0%), pins and needles (6.4%) and halo (1.8%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Future plans<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The follow-up for the cohort will be implemented every 2 years. MECH-HK will provide unique longitudinal data on migraine features in Hong Kong women. The linkage between migraine features and cardiovascular disease risk progression will be identified by a long-term observation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-084228","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,16]],"date-time":"2024-07-16T22:20:44Z","timestamp":1721168444000},"page":"e084228","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Cohort profile: migraine exposures and cardiovascular health in Hong Kong Chinese women (MECH-HK)"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Qingling","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice Yuen","family":"Loke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"},{"name":"Sun Yat\u2011Sen Global Health Institute, Institute of State Governance, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0361-6527","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harry Haoxiang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"},{"name":"College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5964-3233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China"},{"name":"Research Centre of Textiles for Future Fashion, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China"},{"name":"Joint Research Centre for Primary Health Care, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9289-4985","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yao Jie","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China"},{"name":"Joint Research Centre for Primary Health Care, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China"},{"name":"Research Centre for Chinese Medicine Innovation, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121600063874000_14.7.e084228.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-022-00763-1","article-title":"Global epidemiology of migraine and its implications for public health and health policy","volume":"19","author":"Steiner","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"2025121600063874000_14.7.e084228.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-022-01402-2","article-title":"The global prevalence of headache: an update, with analysis of the influences of methodological factors on prevalence estimates","volume":"23","author":"Stovner","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Headache Pain"},{"key":"2025121600063874000_14.7.e084228.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-020-01208-0","article-title":"Migraine remains second among the world\u2019s causes of disability, and first among young women: findings from Gbd2019","volume":"21","author":"Steiner","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Headache Pain"},{"key":"2025121600063874000_14.7.e084228.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0055253","article-title":"Increased risk of hemorrhagic stroke in patients with migraine: a population-based cohort study","volume":"8","author":"Kuo","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025121600063874000_14.7.e084228.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.k96","article-title":"Migraine and risk of cardiovascular diseases: Danish population based matched cohort study","volume":"360","author":"Adelborg","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2025121600063874000_14.7.e084228.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang K , Mao Y , Lu M , et al . Association between migraine and cardiovascular disease: a cross-sectional study. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022;9. doi:10.3389\/fcvm.2022.1044465","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.1044465"},{"key":"2025121600063874000_14.7.e084228.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i2610","article-title":"Migraine and risk of cardiovascular disease in women: prospective cohort study","volume":"353","author":"Kurth","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2025121600063874000_14.7.e084228.8","first-page":"628","article-title":"Migraine and cardiovascular disease: a population-based study","volume":"74","author":"Bigal","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurol (ECronicon)"},{"key":"2025121600063874000_14.7.e084228.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.c3966","article-title":"Migraine with aura and risk of cardiovascular and all cause mortality in men and women: prospective cohort study","volume":"341","author":"Gudmundsson","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2025121600063874000_14.7.e084228.10","first-page":"375","article-title":"A self-administered screener for migraine in primary care","volume":"61","author":"Lipton","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurol (ECronicon)"},{"key":"2025121600063874000_14.7.e084228.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.11607\/ofph.1341","article-title":"Validation of the Chinese version of ID-migraine in medical students and systematic review with meta-analysis concerning its diagnostic accuracy","volume":"29","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Oral Facial Pain Headache"},{"key":"2025121600063874000_14.7.e084228.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102417738202"},{"key":"2025121600063874000_14.7.e084228.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-023-01619-9","article-title":"Global, regional, and national time trends in incidence for migraine, from 1990 to 2019: an age-period-cohort analysis for the GBD 2019","volume":"24","author":"Fan","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Headache Pain"},{"key":"2025121600063874000_14.7.e084228.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/head.13407"},{"key":"2025121600063874000_14.7.e084228.15","article-title":"A comparative study of high-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis and dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry for estimating body composition","volume":"12","author":"Yi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Life (Basel)"},{"key":"2025121600063874000_14.7.e084228.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11909\/j.issn.1671-5411.2019.03.014"},{"key":"2025121600063874000_14.7.e084228.17","first-page":"83","article-title":"Predictive values of body mass index and waist circumference for risk factors of certain related diseases in Chinese adults--study on optimal cut-off points of body mass index and waist circumference in Chinese adults","volume":"15","author":"Zhou","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biomed Environ Sci"},{"key":"2025121600063874000_14.7.e084228.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2006.05.003","article-title":"Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of IPAQ (short, last 7 days)","volume":"10","author":"Macfarlane","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Sci Med Sport"},{"key":"2025121600063874000_14.7.e084228.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(89)90047-4"},{"key":"2025121600063874000_14.7.e084228.20","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Perceived Stress Scale","volume":"10","author":"Cohen","year":"1994"},{"key":"2025121600063874000_14.7.e084228.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2010.0129","article-title":"Can one point-of-care glucose meter be used for all pediatric and adult hospital patients? evaluation of three meters, including recently modified test strips","volume":"13","author":"Warner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics"},{"key":"2025121600063874000_14.7.e084228.22","first-page":"112","article-title":"Performance of the cardiochek PA and cholestech LDX point-of-care analysers compared to clinical diagnostic laboratory methods for the measurement of lipids","volume":"16","author":"Panz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cardiovasc J S Afr"},{"key":"2025121600063874000_14.7.e084228.23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2015.04.036","article-title":"Clinical correlation between a point-of-care testing system and laboratory automation for lipid profile","volume":"446","author":"Ferreira","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"2025121600063874000_14.7.e084228.24","first-page":"132","article-title":"Sensitivity and specificity of Cardiochek\u00ae PA in detecting individuals with abnormal cholesterol and glucose level","volume":"2","author":"Ani","year":"2012","journal-title":"INT J BIOMED"},{"key":"2025121600063874000_14.7.e084228.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.699579"},{"key":"2025121600063874000_14.7.e084228.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2015.06.005"},{"key":"2025121600063874000_14.7.e084228.27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1080\/03009734.2020.1726533","article-title":"Reduced 10-year risk of developing cardiovascular disease after participating in a lifestyle programme in primary care","volume":"125","author":"L\u00f6nnberg","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ups J Med Sci"},{"key":"2025121600063874000_14.7.e084228.28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.7247","article-title":"Effect of a comprehensive cardiovascular risk reduction intervention in persons with serious mental illness: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"3","author":"Daumit","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"2025121600063874000_14.7.e084228.29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1007\/s12160-016-9856-y","article-title":"Maintaining healthy behavior: a prospective study of psychological well-being and physical activity","volume":"51","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Behav Med"},{"key":"2025121600063874000_14.7.e084228.30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deng Y , Hillygus DS , Reiter JP , et al . Handling attrition in longitudinal studies: the case for refreshment samples. Statist Sci 2013;28. doi:10.1214\/13-STS414","DOI":"10.1214\/13-STS414"},{"key":"2025121600063874000_14.7.e084228.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30322-3"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-084228","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T08:06:51Z","timestamp":1765872411000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-084228"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,16]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-084228"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-084228","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2044-6055","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-6055","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]}}}