{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T07:07:00Z","timestamp":1793171220459,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,10]],"date-time":"2024-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717977600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Hangzhou General Research Project on Agriculture and Social Development","award":["20201203B207"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20201203B207"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,14]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Long-term exposure to air pollution has been linked to cancer incidence. However, the evidence is limited regarding the effect of short-term exposure to air pollution on cancer mortality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study aimed to investigate associations between short-term exposure to air pollutants (sulfur dioxide (SO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ), nitrogen dioxide (NO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ), particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter &lt;10 mm (PM\n                      <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) and PM\n                      <jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) and cancer daily mortality.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study used air quality, meteorological and daily cancer death data from 2014 to 2019 in Hangzhou, China. Generalised additive models (GAM) with quasi-Poisson regression were used to analyse the associations between air pollutants and cancer mortality with adjustment for confounding factors including time trends, day of week, temperature and humidity. Then, we conducted stratified analyses by sex, age, season and education. In addition, stratified analyses of age, season and education were performed within each sex to determine whether sex difference was modified by such factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      After adjusting for potential confounders, the GAM results indicated a statistically significant relationship between increased cancer mortality and elevated air pollution concentrations, but only in the female population. For every 10 \u03bcg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      rise in pollutant concentration, the increased risk of cancer death in females was 6.82% (95% CI 3.63% to 10.10%) for SO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      on lag 03, and 2.02% (95% CI 1.12% to 2.93%) for NO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      on lag 01 and 0.89% (95% CI 0.46% to 1.33%) for PM\n                      <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                      on lag 03 and 1.29% (95% CI 0.64% to 1.95%) for PM\n                      <jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>\n                      on lag 03. However, no statistically significant association was found among males. Moreover, the differences in effect sizes between males and females were more pronounced during the cold season, among the elderly and among subjects with low levels of education.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Increased cancer mortality was only observed in females with rising concentrations of air pollutants. Further research is required to confirm this sex difference. Advocate for the reduction of air pollutant emissions to protect vulnerable groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-084804","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,10]],"date-time":"2024-06-10T22:33:32Z","timestamp":1718058812000},"page":"e084804","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Air pollution and cancer daily mortality in Hangzhou, China: an ecological research"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4687-0920","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zongxue","family":"Cheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chronic and Non-Communicable Disease, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kang","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chronic and 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