{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T05:00:34Z","timestamp":1775624434576,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,23]],"date-time":"2024-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734912000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":22,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Chen Yet-Sen Family Foundation","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["222490\/Z\/21\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["222490\/Z\/21\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Clearly Initiatives","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Presbyopia, difficulty in seeing close-ups, affects a billion people globally. Mobile financial services (MFS) have been mandated since January 2021 for Bangladesh government social safety net payments, including old age allowance (OAA) and widow allowance (WA). We report the protocol for the Transforming Households with Refraction and Innovative Financial Technology randomised trial assessing the impact on the use of online banking of providing presbyopic safety net beneficiaries with reading glasses, and brief smartphone and mobile banking app training.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analyses<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eligible participants (n=484) are OAA (men aged 65\u201370 years; women aged 62\u201370) or WA recipients (women aged 48\u201360) with presbyopia as their only vision problem, passing a smartphone-based test of numeracy, cognition and dexterity, and not currently owning a smartphone or independently using MFS. All participants receive smartphones loaded with a mobile banking app and a transaction-tracking app and are randomised 1:1 to receive immediate free near-vision glasses and half-day training for smartphone and banking app use (intervention), or glasses and training 12 months later (control). The primary outcome is the mean quarterly number of mobile bank transactions over the 12-month follow-up period, comparing study groups, with and without adjustment. Secondary outcomes include food security, healthcare access and social connectedness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The protocol was approved by ethics committees at Queen\u2019s University Belfast (reference #MHLS22_69) and BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health (reference #IRB-21 August\u201922-028). The trial is conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and national regulations in Bangladesh, and results will be published in open-access, peer-reviewed journals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"clintrialgov\" xlink:href=\"NCT05510687\">NCT05510687<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      ; ClinicalTrials.gov.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-085083","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,24]],"date-time":"2024-12-24T03:08:47Z","timestamp":1735009727000},"page":"e085083","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Transforming Households with Refraction and Innovative Financial Technology (THRIFT): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial of vision interventions and online banking among the elderly in Kurigram"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"14","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct05510687","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"},{"clinical-trial-number":"nct05510687","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0328-1587","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sharmin Akter","family":"Shitol","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"BRAC University James P Grant School of Public Health, Dhaka, Bangladesh"},{"name":"School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ishrat Binte","family":"Aftab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BRAC University James P Grant School of Public Health, Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0236-0101","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Prabhath","family":"Piyasena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast School of Medicine Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Belfast, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lynne","family":"Lohfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast School of Medicine Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Belfast, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sridevi","family":"Rayasam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Trials Unit, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nagamani","family":"Challa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Trials Unit, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Payal","family":"Sangani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Trials Unit, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4491-0845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lovemore Nyasha","family":"Sigwadhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Trials Unit, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"},{"name":"Department of Global Health, Stellenbosch University Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H M Masudur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MOMODa Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8698-5562","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rohit C","family":"Khanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allen Foster Community Eye Health Research Centre, Gullapalli Pratibha Rao International Centre for Advancement of Rural Eye care, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"},{"name":"Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L.V. 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