{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T00:39:48Z","timestamp":1760834388340,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,24]],"date-time":"2025-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742774400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":23,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013362","name":"Swiss Cancer Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KLS-4879-08-2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KLS-4879-08-2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013362","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PP00P3_211025 received by GW"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PP00P3_211025 received by GW"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007316","name":"Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U54-CA-254565 received by GDK"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54-CA-254565 received by GDK"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007316","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Public awareness and the dissemination of tailored information to lay populations are essential for highly endemic countries like Senegal to achieve hepatitis B elimination targets by 2030. In Senegal, despite its high prevalence, hepatitis B has not received sufficient attention in health communication campaigns compared with other health issues like HIV. We aimed to explore knowledge and perceptions surrounding hepatitis B virus (HBV), as well as the influence of digital media on the information accessed by individuals living with HBV in Senegal.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We employed a mixed-methods approach combining qualitative semistructured interviews conducted with people living with HBV enrolled in the Senegalese hepatitis B cohort (SEN-B), with a quantitative content analysis of online news coverage focused on HBV within the online media of Senegal.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A referral University hospital in Dakar, Senegal.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>29 individuals aged &gt;18 years presenting with a positive hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) with a median age of 40 years (IQR 27\u201354), of whom 51.7% were female.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Outcomes and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Qualitative interviews were conducted between December 2019 and October 2021, and we employed purposive sampling to select participants enrolled in SEN-B. Thematic analysis facilitated a systematic synthesis of respondents\u2019 narratives. All data analyses were performed using Atlas.ti (V.22). For content analysis of online media news collected from September 2019 to May 2022, a structured data extraction form was developed to collect relevant information from the selected online news articles. Data on readers\u2019 comments spaces were extracted using an inductive approach and were processed using thematic analyses. The quantitative data issued from content analysis were exported to Stata SE V.17.0 (StataCorp) for statistical analysis.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We observed a generalised lack of knowledge about HBV among participants, some of whom had never heard of the virus prior to their screening. Incomprehension regarding the disease contributed to feelings of fear and anxiety, leading participants to express various concerns about their personal health status, transmission, cure and treatment(s). The presence of rumours surrounding the disease further underscored the limited awareness of HBV revealing the marginal recognition of HBV as a significant societal concern. In many cases, the absence of effective health communication strategies at the national level resulted in individuals turning to traditional and online media for information, which often intensified their fears and concerns about HBV. An analysis of Senegalese media coverage about HBV included 157 articles published between 2009 and 2022. 55.4% (87\/157) of these publications appeared in July, coinciding with World Hepatitis Day, while 65.0% (102\/157) focused on general HBV epidemiology and activities led by the National Hepatitis Programme. Online media also served as informal spaces where unaccredited actors within the health sector promoted treatments lacking official verification. Additionally, the reactions\u2019 spaces provided a venue for the exchange of information, though without any guarantee of its accuracy.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Facilitating collaboration and engagement between health communication stakeholders and communities is crucial for effectively disseminating structured information and culturally appropriate messages, ultimately contributing to raising awareness of HBV.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-085453","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]],"date-time":"2025-03-25T03:00:34Z","timestamp":1742871634000},"page":"e085453","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Understanding knowledge and media influence on people with hepatitis B in Senegal: a mixed-methods study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6351-0046","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Albert Gautier","family":"Ndione","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sociology Department, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mariama","family":"Di\u00e9dhiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre R\u00e9gional de Recherche et de Formation \u00e0 la prise en charge clinique de Fann, Fann University Hospital, Dakar, Senegal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S\u00e9verine","family":"Carillon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre R\u00e9gional de Recherche et de Formation \u00e0 la prise en charge clinique de Fann, Fann University Hospital, Dakar, Senegal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Judica\u00ebl Malick","family":"Tine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, University Hospital Fann, Dakar, Senegal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amady","family":"Ndiaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, University Hospital Fann, Dakar, Senegal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Louise","family":"Fortes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Dalal Jamm Hospital, Guediawaye, Senegal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nd\u00e8ye Fatou","family":"Ngom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement de M\u00e9decine, UFRSDD de l'UAD de Bambey, Centre de Traitement Ambulatoire, University Hospital Fann, Dakar, Senegal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Moussa","family":"Seydi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, University Hospital Fann, Dakar, Senegal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gilles","family":"Wandeler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland"},{"name":"Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adri\u00e0","family":"Ram\u00edrez Mena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, University Hospital Fann, Dakar, Senegal"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Inselspital University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland"},{"name":"Graduate School of Health Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, 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