{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T00:25:38Z","timestamp":1781915138241,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,2]],"date-time":"2024-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714608000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shenzhen","award":["JCYJ20230807141906014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JCYJ20230807141906014"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,9]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Transversus abdominis plane (TAP) blocks are commonly used for postoperative analgesia after various abdominal surgeries. There are several different approaches for performing TAP blocks, mainly including posterior, lateral and subcostal approaches. An increasing number of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) have compared the analgesic effects of different TAP block approaches, but the results have not been consistent. This protocol aims to determine the optimal approach of ultrasound-guided TAP blocks for postoperative analgesia after abdominal surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Four databases, including Web of Science, PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library will be systematically searched to identify RCTs that compared the analgesic effects of different ultrasound-guided TAP block approaches. The search interval will range from the inception of the databases to 30 July 2024. The postoperative opioid consumption over 24 hours will be defined as the primary outcome. The secondary outcomes will include the analgesia duration, postoperative pain scores at rest and during movement at different timepoints and the incidence of adverse effects. All the statistical analyses will be conducted using RevMan V.5.4. The quality of evidence will be evaluated by the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ethical approval will not be needed. The results will be submitted to one peer-reviewed journal when completed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>PROSPERO registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CRD42024510141.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-085680","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,2]],"date-time":"2024-05-02T13:06:43Z","timestamp":1714655203000},"page":"e085680","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Optimal approach for ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane (TAP) blocks for abdominal surgeries: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Qiuyu","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen & Longgang District People\u2019s Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donghang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2754-7204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yiyong","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Longgang District Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital of Shenzhen City (Longgang Maternity and Child Institute of Shantou University Medical College), Shenzhen, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121407070573000_14.5.e085680.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2021.110527","article-title":"Randomized trial of transversus abdominis plane block with liposomal bupivacaine after cesarean delivery with or without intrathecal morphine","volume":"75","author":"Habib","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Anesth"},{"key":"2025121407070573000_14.5.e085680.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2022.106639","article-title":"Ultrasound-guided versus laparoscopic-guided subcostal transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block versus no TAP block in laparoscopic cholecystectomy; a randomized double-blind controlled trial","volume":"101","author":"Emile","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"key":"2025121407070573000_14.5.e085680.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.23736\/S0375-9393.23.16675-2","article-title":"Transversus abdominis plane block versus caudal block with bupivacaine and dexmedetomidine for unilateral Inguinal hernia repair in pediatric patients: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"89","author":"Abo El Fadl","year":"2023","journal-title":"Minerva Anestesiol"},{"key":"2025121407070573000_14.5.e085680.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-020-01911-1","article-title":"A randomized-controlled trial comparing liposomal bupivacaine, plain bupivacaine, and the mixture of liposomal bupivacaine and plain bupivacaine in transversus abdominus plane block for postoperative analgesia for open abdominal hysterectomies","volume":"68","author":"Fidkowski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Can J Anaesth"},{"key":"2025121407070573000_14.5.e085680.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9051577","article-title":"Analgesic efficacy of preemptive transversus abdominis plane block in patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery","volume":"9","author":"Hong","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"2025121407070573000_14.5.e085680.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0209646","article-title":"Dexamethasone added to local anesthetics in ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plain (TAP) block for analgesia after abdominal surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2025121407070573000_14.5.e085680.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2021.110450","article-title":"Transversus abdominis plane block versus local anesthetic wound infiltration for optimal analgesia after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis","volume":"75","author":"Grape","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Anesth"},{"key":"2025121407070573000_14.5.e085680.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2022.106825","article-title":"Transversus abdominis plane block for laparoscopic colorectal surgery: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials","volume":"104","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"key":"2025121407070573000_14.5.e085680.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11236896","article-title":"Transversus abdominis plane block as a strategy for effective pain management in patients with pain during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a systematic review","volume":"11","author":"Alsharari","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"2025121407070573000_14.5.e085680.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1830","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000005075","article-title":"Transversus abdominis plane block with liposomal bupivacaine for pain after cesarean delivery in a multicenter, randomized, double-blind","volume":"131","author":"Nedeljkovic","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"2025121407070573000_14.5.e085680.11","unstructured":"Mavarez AC , Hendrix JM , Ahmed AA . Transabdominal Plane Block. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, 2024."},{"key":"2025121407070573000_14.5.e085680.12","article-title":"A posterior TAP block provides more effective analgesia than a lateral TAP block in patients undergoing laparoscopic gynecologic surgery: a retrospective study","volume":"2016","author":"Yoshiyama","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anesthesiol Res Pract"},{"key":"2025121407070573000_14.5.e085680.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S146970","article-title":"Comparison of ultrasound-guided posterior transversus abdominis plane block and lateral transversus abdominis plane block for postoperative pain management in patients undergoing cesarean section: a randomized double-blind clinical trial study","volume":"11","author":"Faiz","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Pain Res"},{"key":"2025121407070573000_14.5.e085680.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2013.11.023","article-title":"Comparison of posterior and subcostal approaches to ultrasound-guided transverse abdominis plane block for postoperative analgesia in laparoscopic cholecystectomy","volume":"26","author":"Bhatia","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Anesth"},{"key":"2025121407070573000_14.5.e085680.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0b013e318169d03b"},{"key":"2025121407070573000_14.5.e085680.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d5928","article-title":"The cochrane collaboration\u2019s tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials","volume":"343","author":"Higgins","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2025121407070573000_14.5.e085680.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2017.05.017","article-title":"Comparison of analgesic efficacy of laparoscope-assisted and ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block after laparoscopic colorectal operation: a randomized, single-blind","volume":"225","author":"Park","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Coll Surg"},{"key":"2025121407070573000_14.5.e085680.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1097\/DCR.0000000000001292","article-title":"Randomized clinical trial comparing laparoscopic versus ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block in minimally invasive colorectal surgery","volume":"62","author":"Zaghiyan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"2025121407070573000_14.5.e085680.19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3011","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-019-07097-y","article-title":"Surgeon-delivered laparoscopic transversus abdominis plane blocks are non-inferior to anesthesia-delivered ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane blocks: a blinded, randomized non-inferiority trial","volume":"34","author":"Wong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"2025121407070573000_14.5.e085680.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1921","DOI":"10.1111\/codi.16689","article-title":"Laparoscopic versus ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block in colorectal surgery: a non-inferiority, multicentric randomized double-blinded clinical trial","volume":"25","author":"La Regina","year":"2023","journal-title":"Colorectal Dis"},{"key":"2025121407070573000_14.5.e085680.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-023-10658-x","article-title":"Laparoscopic vs. ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block in colorectal surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials","volume":"38","author":"Iaquinandi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-085680","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,14]],"date-time":"2025-12-14T15:07:15Z","timestamp":1765724835000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-085680"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,2]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-085680"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-085680","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2044-6055","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-6055","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]}}}