{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,6]],"date-time":"2025-12-06T08:43:31Z","timestamp":1765010611046,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,30]],"date-time":"2025-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738195200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":29,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"\n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n Cement and most other materials used by bricklayers and brick masons for construction purposes could heighten the risk for occupational skin diseases (OSDs) which mostly include occupational contact dermatitis (OCD) and others. The activities of the bricklayers or brick masons are essentially manual as they work as artisans involving mixing sands and gravels with cement and water for building and block moulding, respectively. This can lead to a significant decline in the quality of life and psychosocial function. We determined the prevalence of OSDs and their correlates among bricklayers and brick masons.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design<\/jats:title>\n This was a comparative case\u2013control study which involved 200 bricklayers\/brick masons and 200 healthy non-bricklayers\/non-brick masons.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Settings<\/jats:title>\n This study was carried out in two local governments (LGAs) in Ogbomoso community.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Respondents were selected using a multistage random sampling technique. Interviewer\u2013administer semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, the prevalence of OCD and other OSD were determined, \u03c7\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n test and logistic regression were obtained. A p<0.05 was considered as statistically significant.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n The mean age of the bricklayers\/brick masons was 39.74\u00b117.03 years, while that of the control group was 40.04\u00b117.24 years. The prevalence of OCD was significantly higher in the bricklayers\/brick masons (43.0%) than controls (5.5%), p<0.001. Other dermatological conditions were more common among the cases (8.5%) than the controls (5.0%), p=0.04. Bricklayers\/brick masons not using personal protective equipment (PPE, hand gloves) were three times more likely to develop OCD compared with those who used them (OR=3.38, 95% CI 0.12 to 0.72, p=0.007). A family history of allergy is also a predictor of OCD (OR=2.69, 95% CI 1.30 to 5.60, p=0.008).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n OSD are common in bricklayers\/brick masons, especially among those without the use of PPE. Regular educational programmes emphasizing the need to reduce direct contact with cement including the proper and regular use of PPE among this population group are advised.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-086321","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]],"date-time":"2025-01-31T01:25:18Z","timestamp":1738286718000},"page":"e086321","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Occupational skin diseases among bricklayers and brick masons in a resource poor setting, Southwest Nigeria: prevalence and correlates \u2013 a case\u2013control study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5582-0821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael Gbenga","family":"Israel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8839-8217","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oluwaseyi Kikelomo","family":"Israel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community of Medicine, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria"},{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adeolu Oladayo","family":"Akinboro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Dermatology Unit, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter Kehinde","family":"Uduagbamen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Bowen University College of Health Sciences, Iwo, Nigeria"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sebastien S","family":"Oiwoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Dermatology Unit, Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olanrewaju","family":"Olayemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Dermatology Unit, Osun State University College of Health Sciences, Osogbo, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fatai O","family":"Olanrewaju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology and Venereology, Obafemi Awolowo University College of Health Sciences, Ile-Ife, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mufutau M","family":"Oripelaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology and Venereology, Obafemi Awolowo University College of Health Sciences, Ile-Ife, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen Olawale","family":"Aiyedun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Dermatology Unit, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olumayowa","family":"Oninla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology and Venereology, Obafemi Awolowo University College of Health Sciences, Ile-Ife, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olayinka","family":"Olasode","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology and Venereology, Obafemi Awolowo University College of Health Sciences, Ile-Ife, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olaniyi","family":"Onayemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology and Venereology, Obafemi Awolowo University College of Health Sciences, Ile-Ife, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025120600390118000_15.1.e086321.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1097\/DER.0000000000000277","article-title":"Occupational Contact Dermatitis in North American Production Workers Referred for Patch Testing: Retrospective Analysis of Cross-Sectional Data From the North American Contact Dermatitis Group 1998 to 2014","volume":"28","author":"Warshaw","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dermatitis"},{"key":"2025120600390118000_15.1.e086321.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2020.02.002","article-title":"Occupational Contact Dermatitis: Common 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Effects of age and duration of contact","volume":"25","author":"Soyinka","year":"1977","journal-title":"Berufsdermatosen"},{"key":"2025120600390118000_15.1.e086321.7","first-page":"392","article-title":"Pattern of skin diseases among patients attending a tertiary care hospital in Lahore, Pakistan","volume":"12","author":"Aman","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Taibah Univ Med Sci"},{"key":"2025120600390118000_15.1.e086321.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/50.7.496"},{"key":"2025120600390118000_15.1.e086321.9","first-page":"793","article-title":"Matching evaluation between occupational contact dermatitis and various jobs in Yazd in during 2007-2012","volume":"51","author":"Fathi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Med Iran"},{"key":"2025120600390118000_15.1.e086321.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/11786302211048378","article-title":"Occupational Contact Dermatitis in Employees of Large-Scale Narcotic Crop Farms of Ethiopia: Prevalence and Risk Factors. 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