{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:36:22Z","timestamp":1787016982944,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,16]],"date-time":"2024-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729036800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>During pregnancy, international guidelines recommend \u2265150\u2009min of moderate-intensity aerobic physical activity per week, with an intensity perceived as fairly light to somewhat hard on the Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) scale (ranging from 6 \u2018no exertion\u2019 to 20 \u2018maximal exertion\u2019, corresponding to 60% to 80% of maximum heart rate). However, the determination and monitoring of exercise intensity seem to be a particular source of confusion, and the most effective method to monitor exercise intensity remains uncertain. This study aimed to examine existing research on the correlation between the Borg RPE scale and maternal heart rate (MHR) for monitoring exercise intensity during pregnancy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Scoping review using the mixed methods appraisal tool (MMAT) and the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) approach.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data sources<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PubMed, Web of Science and SPORTDiscus were searched from 16\u201317 April 2023, with a subsequent search on 1 November 2023.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Eligibility criteria<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We included studies investigating the correlation between perceived intensity on the Borg RPE scale (6\u201320) and MHR during exercise in pregnant individuals and written in English\/Scandinavian language. There were no restrictions on publication year or study design.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data extraction and synthesis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Two independent reviewers screened the articles based on title and abstract. Selected articles were read in full text and reference lists of screened articles were also checked. Out of 120 studies screened, six articles met the inclusion criteria after removing one duplicate. The results were qualitatively summarised to provide an overview of common themes and variations between studies. MMAT and GRADE assessed the risk of bias and the certainty of the evidence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The six studies involved a total of 260 healthy pregnant individuals (gestational week: from 16 to 38), with various exercise protocols (cycling, walking, running and resistance exercise) and intensities (from light to moderate). Three studies supported the Borg RPE scale to estimate exercise intensity during pregnancy, while three found no correlation between this scale and MHR. The certainty of the evidence was graded as low to moderate, with a potential risk of bias due to small sample sizes, incomplete outcome data and inconsistencies across studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The mixed results highlight the complexity of monitoring exercise intensity during pregnancy. Using both the Borg RPE scale and MHR might be better than using them separately for monitoring exercise intensity during pregnancy. Due to limited and inconsistent research, more extensive studies are needed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-086682","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,16]],"date-time":"2024-10-16T20:15:03Z","timestamp":1729109703000},"page":"e086682","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Rating of perceived exertion as a tool for managing exercise intensity during pregnancy: a scoping review"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2253-1921","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christina","family":"Gjestvang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malin Landro","family":"Olsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emilie Mass","family":"Dalhaug","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8153-7410","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lene A H","family":"Haakstad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121222321428000_14.10.e086682.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/aog.0000000000003772"},{"key":"2025121222321428000_14.10.e086682.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2020-102955"},{"key":"2025121222321428000_14.10.e086682.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2022-105777"},{"key":"2025121222321428000_14.10.e086682.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/20056429"},{"key":"2025121222321428000_14.10.e086682.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2022.03.008","article-title":"Australian guidelines for physical activity in pregnancy and postpartum","volume":"25","author":"Brown","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Sci Med Sport"},{"key":"2025121222321428000_14.10.e086682.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2013.08.001"},{"key":"2025121222321428000_14.10.e086682.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000002434","article-title":"HRR and VO2R fractions are not equivalent: is it time to rethink aerobic exercise prescription methods?","volume":"53","author":"Ferri Marini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"2025121222321428000_14.10.e086682.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1177\/15598276211052277","article-title":"Monitoring physical activity intensity during pregnancy","volume":"17","author":"Evenson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Lifestyle Med"},{"key":"2025121222321428000_14.10.e086682.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-199312000-00001","article-title":"Recent advances in understanding maternal and fetal responses to exercise","volume":"25","author":"McMurray","year":"1993","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"2025121222321428000_14.10.e086682.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-198205000-00012"},{"key":"2025121222321428000_14.10.e086682.11","first-page":"194","article-title":"Perceived exertion and pulse rate during graded exercise in various age groups","volume":"181","author":"Borg","year":"1967","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"2025121222321428000_14.10.e086682.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2025121222321428000_14.10.e086682.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n160"},{"key":"2025121222321428000_14.10.e086682.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.3233\/EFI-180221","article-title":"The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) version 2018 for information professionals and researchers","volume":"34","author":"Hong","year":"2018","journal-title":"EFI"},{"key":"2025121222321428000_14.10.e086682.15","unstructured":"Hong QN , Pluye P , F\u00e0bregues S , et al . 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