{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T22:08:40Z","timestamp":1793830120697,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,25]],"date-time":"2024-12-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735084800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":24,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study was conducted to determine the status of and factors associated with behavioural determinants (knowledge, attitude and practice) of sugary foods and beverages among adolescents in Kathmandu, Nepal.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross-sectional study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study was done at educational institutions located in Nagarjun municipality, Kathmandu, Nepal.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this study, 768 adolescents from grades 8, 9 and 10 were selected using a multistage random sampling technique.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Primary and secondary outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Knowledge regarding sugary foods and beverages was assessed using 9 questions, attitude was measured through 13 Likert scale statements and consumption was assessed using 9 questions through a semi-structured questionnaire. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated based on anthropometric measurements. Pearson\u2019s \u03c7\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      test and logistic regression were used to assess factors associated with those behavioural determinants, along with their correlates with BMI. A p value of &lt;0.05 was considered statistically significant.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Result<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adequate level of knowledge was found among 84.11% (95% CI: 81.52% to 86.70%) of the adolescents. Awareness of the health risks and inclination to adopt healthier behaviours was seen among 60% of the adolescents (95%\u2009CI: 56.55% to 63.49%). The percentage of adolescents consuming sugary foods and beverage items was 84.50% (95% CI: 81.94% to 87.07%). The odds of having adequate knowledge among respondents was twice (adjusted OR (AOR)=2.05, 95%\u2009CI: 1.12 to 3.76) more likely for those who were living with their parents. Female adolescents (AOR=2.51, 95%\u2009CI: 1.61 to 3.89), whose mothers are homemakers (AOR=1.99, 95%\u2009CI: 1.04 to 3.58) and fathers are engaged in foreign employment (AOR=2.09, 95%\u2009CI: 1.04 to 4.21), were more likely to consume sugary items. Prevalence of overweight and obesity was seen among 6.38% (95% CI: 4.64% to 8.11%) of respondents. Consumption was seen to be significant to the model overweight\/obesity versus normal (OR=11.95 (95% CI: 1.61 to 88.42)).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adequate knowledge alone was insufficient for influencing food selection and choices. Family-indulged interventions can be useful as familial factors seem to be impacting behavioural characteristics. Sugary foods and beverages consumption was linked to being overweight\/obese, highlighting the importance of dietary discipline in reducing this risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-086755","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,26]],"date-time":"2024-12-26T07:50:44Z","timestamp":1735199444000},"page":"e086755","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Cross-sectional study on behavioural determinants associated with sugary foods and beverages and their correlates with body mass index among adolescents in Nagarjun municipality, Nepal"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Laxmi","family":"Gautam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-0148-4956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milan","family":"Thapa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal"},{"name":"Public Health Arena, Kathmandu, Nepal"},{"name":"Nepal Health Frontiers, Tokha-5, Kathmandu, Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Poonam","family":"Pokhrel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal"},{"name":"Public Health Arena, Kathmandu, Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parash Mani","family":"Sapkota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal"},{"name":"HERD International, Kathmandu, Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anjali","family":"Bhatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiran","family":"Paudel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nepal Health Frontiers, Tokha-5, Kathmandu, Nepal"},{"name":"Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121601114281000_14.12.e086755.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S111","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.2012.00537.x","article-title":"Beverages and body weight: challenges in the evidence-based review process of the Carbohydrate Subcommittee from the 2010 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee","volume":"70 Suppl 2","author":"Slavin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nutr Rev"},{"key":"2025121601114281000_14.12.e086755.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192627"},{"key":"2025121601114281000_14.12.e086755.3","unstructured":"World Health Organization . 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