{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T07:02:57Z","timestamp":1793084577274,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,26]],"date-time":"2025-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740528000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":25,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Deanship of Scientific Research at Jordan University of Science and Technology","award":["20220257"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20220257"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,14]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"\n Objective<\/jats:title>\n Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with a high economic burden, which is exacerbated by the high susceptibility to drug-related problems (DRPs) in this patient population. This study aimed to evaluate the cost-benefit ratio of medication reconciliation supplemented with medication review for inpatients with CKD, compared with the absence of this intervention.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design<\/jats:title>\n This was a cost-benefit analysis conducted along with a prospective interventional study.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Setting<\/jats:title>\n The study was conducted at two hospitals in Jordan between February and May 2023.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Participants<\/jats:title>\n The prospective interventional study included 142 admitted patients with CKD.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Interventions<\/jats:title>\n Patients received medication reconciliation at admission and discharge as well as medication review throughout admission.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Primary and secondary outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n The primary outcome measures were the net benefit and the benefit-to-cost ratio of the intervention. A cost-benefit analysis was conducted from the healthcare system perspective by assessing the cost of the service (the pharmacist time required to complete the service per patient) and the economic benefit, including total and per-patient cost savings and cost avoidance.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n The total estimated cost of all DRPs in the absence of interventions (cost avoidance) was $83\u2009052 (average of $585\u00b1308 per patient); among which $20\u2009623 was attributed to medication discrepancies. The cost savings were estimated at \u2013$467. The supplemented medication reconciliation service was estimated to cost $714. As a result, the estimated net benefit totalled $81 871, averaging $577 per patient, with a benefit-to-cost ratio of 115.7:1 over the 4-month study period.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Delivering a supplemented medication reconciliation service by a clinical pharmacist for patients with CKD is cost beneficial from the healthcare perspective in Jordan, an example of a low- and middle-income country. This finding further confirms the pivotal role of clinical pharmacists in multidisciplinary healthcare teams.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-087232","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,26]],"date-time":"2025-02-26T12:50:17Z","timestamp":1740574217000},"page":"e087232","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Clinical pharmacist-led medication reconciliation supplemented with medication review in admitted patients with chronic kidney disease: a cost-benefit analysis"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8345-4048","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shoroq M","family":"Altawalbeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 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Amer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025120523363567000_15.2.e087232.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-016-0432-2","article-title":"Non-dialysis dependent chronic kidney disease is associated with high total and out-of-pocket healthcare expenditures","volume":"18","author":"Small","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol"},{"key":"2025120523363567000_15.2.e087232.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1108","DOI":"10.1590\/1806-9282.64.12.1108","article-title":"Global costs attributed to chronic kidney disease: a systematic review","volume":"64","author":"Silva Junior","year":"1992","journal-title":"Rev Assoc Med 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