{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:36:23Z","timestamp":1787016983196,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,14]],"date-time":"2024-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723593600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":13,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province","award":["H2022206287"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["H2022206287"]}]},{"name":"S&T Program of Hebei","award":["22377754D"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22377754D"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,23]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To analyse retinal and choroidal microvasculature features in healthy pregnant women using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PubMed, Embase, Ovid, Web of Science and Cochrane Library were searched for published studies that compare retinal and choroidal microvasculature characteristics between pregnant females and non-pregnant females from inception to November 2023. The statistics were continuous variables. They were presented as the mean difference (MD) with a corresponding 95% CI. We used Review Manager software 5.4.1 for statistical analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 5 eligible studies involving 219 eyes in the pregnancy group and 186 eyes in the control group were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled results showed that the retinal deep capillary plexus vascular density (DCP VD) measured by OCTA was significantly higher in healthy pregnant women than in controls (MD 1.53; 95%\u2009CI 0.62 to 2.44; I\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      =0%; p=0.0009). However, differences between the two groups in the retinal superficial capillary plexus VD (SCP VD) (MD 0.41;95%\u2009CI \u22121.26 to 2.09; I\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      =85%; p=0.63), the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) (MD 0.01; 95%\u2009CI \u22120.01 to 0.03; I\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      =14%; p=0.18), the choriocapillaris VD (CC VD) (MD 0.76; 95%\u2009CI \u22121.11 to 2.64; I\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      =79%; p=0.43) were uncertain.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our meta-analysis found that the DCP VD of healthy pregnant women was higher than that of non-pregnant controls. However, differences in SCP VD, FAZ and CC VD between the healthy pregnant women and the non-pregnancy controls were uncertain. Our findings can help to get a deeper understanding of retinal and choroidal microvascular characteristics during pregnancy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-087319","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,17]],"date-time":"2024-08-17T06:14:09Z","timestamp":1723875249000},"page":"e087319","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Retinal and choroidal microvascular features during pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6537-8261","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caixia","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuchen","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingli","family":"Shang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121221261511000_14.8.e087319.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2012.05.004"},{"key":"2025121221261511000_14.8.e087319.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/675792","article-title":"Visual acuity changes during pregnancy and postpartum: a cross-sectional study in Iran","volume":"2014","author":"Mehdizadehkashi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Pregnancy"},{"key":"2025121221261511000_14.8.e087319.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/3421269","article-title":"Subjective dry eye symptoms in pregnant women-A SPEED survey","volume":"2023","author":"Anantharaman","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Pregnancy"},{"key":"2025121221261511000_14.8.e087319.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1097\/ICL.0000000000000815","article-title":"Meibomian gland dysfunction and lipid profile: a study among pregnant women","volume":"47","author":"Kyei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eye Contact Lens"},{"key":"2025121221261511000_14.8.e087319.5","article-title":"Changes in refractive and optometric findings during pregnancy","volume":"36","author":"Mirzajani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Med J Islam Repub Iran"},{"key":"2025121221261511000_14.8.e087319.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina57060600","article-title":"Corneal biomechanical changes in third trimester of pregnancy","volume":"57","author":"Bujor","year":"2021","journal-title":"Medicina (Kaunas)"},{"key":"2025121221261511000_14.8.e087319.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1080\/08820538.2021.1896748","article-title":"Evaluation of anterior segment parameters during pregnancy","volume":"37","author":"\u00d6zkaya","year":"2022","journal-title":"Semin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2025121221261511000_14.8.e087319.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(99)00234-2"},{"key":"2025121221261511000_14.8.e087319.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OGX.0b013e318250a457"},{"key":"2025121221261511000_14.8.e087319.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2010.10.003"},{"key":"2025121221261511000_14.8.e087319.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1225261"},{"key":"2025121221261511000_14.8.e087319.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006254-200009000-00023"},{"key":"2025121221261511000_14.8.e087319.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000499916","article-title":"Comparison of choroidal thickness in preeclamptic, healthy pregnant, and nonpregnant women: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"62","author":"Jiang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Res"},{"key":"2025121221261511000_14.8.e087319.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K\u0131z\u0131ltun\u00e7 PB , Varl\u0131 B , B\u00fcy\u00fcktepe T\u00c7 , et al . 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