{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T16:34:36Z","timestamp":1781195676679,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,15]],"date-time":"2024-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728950400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Jiangsu Province Capability Improvement Project through Science, Technology and Education, Jiangsu Provincial Medical Key Discipline Cultivation Unit","award":["JSDW202202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JSDW202202"]}]},{"name":"The leader project of geriatrics clinical technology application research of Jiangsu Health Commission","award":["LR2021036"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LR2021036"]}]},{"name":"Jiangsu Province Capability Improvement Project through Science\uff0cTechnology and Education","award":["ZDXYS202210"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZDXYS202210"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2022YFC2009700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC2009700"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Stroke survivors often face motor dysfunction, increasing fall risk. Lower extremity muscle weakness is a key factor affecting walking ability. Tai chi (TC) has been shown to improve muscle strength and mobility in patients with stroke more effectively than traditional walking training. However, existing TC programmes for stroke rehabilitation are often too simplified and fail to fully use TC\u2019s benefits. Additionally, subjective assessment scales are time-consuming and prone to bias. This study proposes integrating TC\u2019s early movement features with neurodevelopmental therapy, using surface electromyography and inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensors to thoroughly analyse diverse TC movements. Tailored exercises, based on stroke-induced impairments, will be objectively assessed through biomechanical analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study unfolds in two phases. The initial phase employs the IMU sensor and electromyography to objectively analyse TC\u2019s biomechanics, informing personalised rehabilitation plans aligned with distinct movement impairments. The second phase adopts a randomised, single-blind, parallel controlled trial design involving 60 patients with stroke randomly assigned to either the intervention or control group. The intervention group undergoes biomechanics-based TC training alongside routine rehabilitation for 12 weeks, practicing the 24-form TC three times weekly. The control group engages in routine rehabilitation thrice weekly for the same duration. Primary and secondary outcomes, including kinematic\/dynamic data, surface electromyography, motion analysis, comprehensive the international classification of functioning, disability and health Core Set for Stroke, Modified Barthel Index and Fugl-Meyer Assessment, will be evaluated at baseline and post-intervention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study has received approval from the Ethics Committee of Zhongda Hospital Southeast University (2023ZDSYLL378-P01). All prospective participants will receive comprehensive information regarding the study protocol, and their informed consent will be obtained before their participation. Additionally, the trial will be registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry to ensure transparency and compliance with research regulations. Results from this study will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals, conference presentations and public databases to ensure wide accessibility and to contribute to the advancement of medical knowledge.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Protocol version<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>2.0 (14 June 2024).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>www.chictr.org.cn, identifier ChiCTR2400080158.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-087399","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,16]],"date-time":"2024-10-16T00:49:32Z","timestamp":1729039772000},"page":"e087399","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Modified tai chi movement training based on sEMG and movement analysis on improving upper extremities motor function: a protocol for a clinical randomised controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-5008-9975","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhi","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhongda Hospital Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"},{"name":"Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhongda Hospital Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"},{"name":"Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueming","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhongda Hospital Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhongda Hospital Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leiwen","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhongda Hospital Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"},{"name":"Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zihan","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhongda Hospital Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"},{"name":"Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongxing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhongda Hospital Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121401150725000_14.10.e087399.1","article-title":"Correction to: Guidelines for Adult Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery: A Guideline for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association\/American Stroke Association","volume":"48","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2025121401150725000_14.10.e087399.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0219781","article-title":"Rehabilitation interventions for improving balance following stroke: An overview of systematic reviews","volume":"14","author":"Arienti","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025121401150725000_14.10.e087399.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.107.492413"},{"key":"2025121401150725000_14.10.e087399.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2020.08.125","article-title":"Characteristics of Voluntary-induced Stepping Response in Persons with Stroke compared with those of healthy Young and Older Adults","volume":"82","author":"Chayasit","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gait & Posture"},{"key":"2025121401150725000_14.10.e087399.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968318817825","article-title":"Compensation or Recovery? 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