{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T16:14:17Z","timestamp":1790007257043,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,7]],"date-time":"2025-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738886400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K01DA057395"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K01DA057395"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010628","name":"Center for Tobacco Products","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DA047397"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DA047397"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010628","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The type of electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) used by different age groups may be associated with ENDS and cigarette use behaviours. This study sought to identify differences in the use of ENDS device type based on age and cigarette use status to inform policy about regulating ENDS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a cross-sectional study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data was derived from a national survey conducted in 2021 in the USA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants include 2369 US youth and adults (13 years or older) who reported past 30-day ENDS use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Past 30-day fairly regular use (i.e., several times a week or more) of ENDS device types, namely cigalikes, disposables, refillable tank\/box mods, closed pods, refillable pods and drippers. Cigarette smoking status was also measured.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used weighted regression models to determine the association between ENDS device type current regular use and age group and the association between each ENDS type current regular use and smoking status separately for each age group. Youth ENDS users 13\u201317 years old were more likely to regularly use cigalikes (OR=2.71), disposables (OR=3.44), closed pods (OR=2.57) and drippers (OR=2.86) and 18\u201329 years old were more likely to regularly use disposables (OR=3.67), closed pods (OR=1.58) and drippers (OR=1.94), compared with 30+ years\u2009old ENDS users (all p&lt;0.05). Among 13\u201317\u2009years old, current (vs never) smokers had greater odds of current regular use for cigalikes (OR=2.79), disposables (OR=2.33), refillable tanks (OR=2.27), closed pods (OR=2.62) and drippers (OR=6.32; all p&lt;0.05). Similarly, 18\u201329\u2009years old current (vs never) smokers had higher odds of reporting current regular use of refillable tanks (OR=1.80), refillable pods (OR=2.63), closed pods (OR=2.20) and drippers (OR=4.89; p&lt;0.05).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both age and smoking status were associated with current regular use of ENDS, especially for youth and young adults. These findings inform regulatory agencies as they monitor and enforce policy on ENDS allowed on the US market.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-087775","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,7]],"date-time":"2025-02-07T22:56:46Z","timestamp":1738969006000},"page":"e087775","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Types of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) used by people of different age and smoking status groups: results from a US nationally representative survey"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3484-5768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zachary B","family":"Massey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"TSET Health Promotion Research Center, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA"},{"name":"Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9157-4576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert T","family":"Fairman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellstar Health System, Marietta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bai","family":"Cham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"},{"name":"Disease Control and Elimination Theme, Medical Research Council Unit, The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, The Gambia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Alqahtani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruiyan","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott","family":"Weaver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucy","family":"Popova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David L","family":"Ashley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121400384987000_15.2.e087775.1","first-page":"381","article-title":"Tobacco use among middle and high school students - United States, 2011-2014","volume":"64","author":"Arrazola","year":"2015","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2025121400384987000_15.2.e087775.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6946a4"},{"key":"2025121400384987000_15.2.e087775.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/MMWR.MM7140A3"},{"key":"2025121400384987000_15.2.e087775.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1408448"},{"key":"2025121400384987000_15.2.e087775.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tc.2009.035279"},{"key":"2025121400384987000_15.2.e087775.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tc.2010.042168"},{"key":"2025121400384987000_15.2.e087775.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7145a1"},{"key":"2025121400384987000_15.2.e087775.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7111a1"},{"key":"2025121400384987000_15.2.e087775.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.161002"},{"key":"2025121400384987000_15.2.e087775.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stratton K , Kwan LY , Eaton DL , eds. 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