{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T17:30:59Z","timestamp":1767375059905,"version":"3.43.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,28]],"date-time":"2025-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738022400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":27,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Exploratory Clinical Research Project of Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital","award":["ynts202402"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ynts202402"]}]},{"name":"Shanghai Municipal Health Commission key priority discipline project, Shanghai Spinal Disease and Trauma Orthopedics Research Center","award":["2022ZZ01014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022ZZ01014"]}]},{"name":"Double Hundred Talents Program of SHSMU Research physicians","award":["20240816"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20240816"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,30]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>The infrapatellar fat pad and synovium are the sites of immune cell infiltration and the origin of proinflammation. Studies have shown that Hoffa\u2019s synovitis may be a sign of early-stage osteoarthritis (OA). However, there have been no effective interventions specifically for Hoffa\u2019s synovitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title><jats:p>We will conduct a multicentre, multi-blind (participant, physician, outcome assessor and data analyst blinded) randomised controlled trial to compare the effectiveness of an intra-infrapatellar fat glucocorticoid versus an intra-articular injection for Hoffa\u2019s synovitis in patients with knee OA. We will recruit 236 knee OA patients with Hoffa\u2019s synovitis at outpatient clinics in three centres. We will randomly allocate them to two groups in a 1:1 ratio. One group will receive ultrasound-guided injection of 40\u2009mg (1\u2009mL) triamcinolone acetonide into the infrapatellar fat pad; the other group will receive ultrasound-guided injection of 40\u2009mg (1\u2009mL) triamcinolone acetonide into the knee joint cavity. All patients will be followed up at 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 weeks after the injection. Primary outcomes are (1) Hoffa\u2019s synovitis improvement rate, measured with the MRI Osteoarthritis Knee Score system (superiority outcome) at 24 weeks and (2) pain intensity, measured with the Western Ontario and McMasters University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) at 2 weeks post-injection. Secondary outcomes include Hoffa\u2019s synovitis score at 2 weeks post-injection, pain intensity with the numerical rating scale, WOMAC questionnaire score improvements (function, joint stiffness and total score), improvement rates in effusion synovitis at 2 and 24 weeks, articular cartilage thickness changes at 2 and 24 weeks, Intermittent and Constant Osteoarthritis Pain score, quality of life measured with the EuroQol-5D, OARSI-OMERACT response indicators, co-interventions and side effects at 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 weeks.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ethical approval has been granted by the Medical Ethics Committee of the Shanghai Sixth People\u2019s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (2023\u2013178). Written informed consent will be obtained from all patients prior to data collection. The findings of this research will be shared through presentations at academic conferences and publications in peer-reviewed journals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title><jats:p>ChiCTR2400080474.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-087785","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]],"date-time":"2025-01-29T05:57:10Z","timestamp":1738130230000},"page":"e087785","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Comparison of the effectiveness of intra-infrapatellar fat pad and intra-articular glucocorticoid injection in knee osteoarthritis patients with Hoffa\u2019s synovitis: protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled 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