{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T06:34:25Z","timestamp":1765780465255,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,17]],"date-time":"2024-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734393600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":16,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the General Research Fund, Research Grants Council of Hong Kong","award":["GRF\/HKU\/17611122"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GRF\/HKU\/17611122"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,12]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a prevalent eye disease among middle-aged and older adults. AMD leaves the patient with irreversible deteriorating vision, which profoundly impacts their daily lives and psychosocial well-being. Given the limited studies addressing the psychosocial needs of adults with AMD and, in particular, using an expressive arts-based intervention (EXABI) as an intervention, this study aims to investigate the effectiveness of such an intervention in enhancing the psychosocial well-being of adults with AMD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study will employ a mixed-methods randomised controlled trial design. One hundred fifty-four participants with AMD will be recruited and randomised into either the EXABI or treatment-as-usual waitlist control group. Participants will respond to a battery of measurements regarding their psychosocial condition at four time points: baseline (T\n                      <jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub>\n                      ), 2 months after baseline (postintervention, T\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      ), 5 months after baseline (T\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) and 8 months after baseline (T\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      ). A subgroup of participants will also share their experiences through in-depth interviews at T\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      and T\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      to help further understand the mechanism and effect of the intervention. Quantitative data will be analysed by mixed-effects models and path analysis, whereas qualitative data will be analysed by adopting the thematic analysis approach. The two sets of data will be integrated to provide a comprehensive view of the effectiveness and mechanisms of the intervention.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study has obtained ethical approval from the Human Research Ethics Committee of the University of Hong Kong (Ref. no.: EA210606). All research procedures will be conducted upon receiving signed written consent forms from participants. The findings of the study will also be presented at international conferences and published in peer-reviewed academic journals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"clintrialgov\" xlink:href=\"NCT05675150\">NCT05675150<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      , prospectively registered.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-088311","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,23]],"date-time":"2024-12-23T15:35:55Z","timestamp":1734968155000},"page":"e088311","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Protocol for a mixed-methods randomised controlled trial evaluating the psychosocial effects of an expressive arts-based intervention on adults with age-related macular degeneration"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"14","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct05675150","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"},{"clinical-trial-number":"nct05675150","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6173-621X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rainbow Tin Hung","family":"Ho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre on Behavioral Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"},{"name":"Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Allen Ming Yan","family":"Cheong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adrian Ho Yin","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre on Behavioral Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"},{"name":"Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Temmy Lee Ting","family":"Lo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre on Behavioral Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5210-5531","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ted Chun Tat","family":"Fong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre on Behavioral Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"},{"name":"Research Hub of Population Studies, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caitlin Kar Pui","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre on Behavioral Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Grantham Hospital, Hospital Authority, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wai Chi","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121422292314000_14.12.e088311.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)02609-5","article-title":"Age-related macular degeneration","volume":"401","author":"Guymer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2025121422292314000_14.12.e088311.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.6.4.14","article-title":"Gait characteristics of age-related macular degeneration patients","volume":"6","author":"Varadaraj","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transl Vis Sci Technol"},{"key":"2025121422292314000_14.12.e088311.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(13)70145-1"},{"key":"2025121422292314000_14.12.e088311.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e144","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(20)30489-7","article-title":"Causes of blindness and vision impairment in 2020 and trends over 30 years, and prevalence of avoidable blindness in relation to VISION 2020: the Right to Sight: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study","volume":"9","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"2025121422292314000_14.12.e088311.5","unstructured":"Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), 2021. 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