{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T06:57:41Z","timestamp":1781765861527,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]],"date-time":"2025-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741046400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004417","name":"Global Fund","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004417","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,7]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"\n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n To determine patients\u2019 acceptability, satisfaction and adherence to shorter all-oral multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) regimen in Tanzania.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design<\/jats:title>\n A two-phase cross-sectional study with data collected within 6 months of Removed Injectable modified Short-course regimens for EXpert MDR-TB (RISE) study implementation and the second phase within 15 months of implementation using the same reference populations.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Settings<\/jats:title>\n 18 health facilities across eight regions of Tanzania.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Participants<\/jats:title>\n Rifampicin-resistant TB\/MDR-TB patients enrolled in the RISE study.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n We assessed patients\u2019 acceptability, adherence and satisfaction with the regimen using an interval scale structured questionnaire.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n The majority of the patients found the shorter oral MDR-TB treatment acceptable, adhered to it well and were generally satisfied. The median score (IQR) for acceptability was 1.7 (1.03\u20132.00) but it ranged between 1.3 (1.3\u20132) and 1.7 (1\u20131.79) for the first and second phases, respectively. Regarding adherence, the median score (IQR) stood at 4 (3.67\u20134.67) with scores significantly higher in the second phase at 4.33 (4.00\u20135.007) compared with the first at 4.67 (4.00\u20135.0), p value=0.01. The overall satisfaction was high at 1.5 (1.33\u22121.78) but it ranged between 1.22 (1.00\u20131.78) and 1.42 (1.11\u20131.78) for the first and second phases, respectively. Worrying about side effects was statistically associated with adherence (p value<0.05). No statistically significant associations were found for acceptability and satisfaction.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n Generally, the modified shorter oral MDR-TB regimen was accepted, and patients reported good adherence and were satisfied. More engagement with patients could provide more insights into factors that can maximise acceptability, adherence and satisfaction with the regimen.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-088556","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]],"date-time":"2025-03-04T19:05:54Z","timestamp":1741115154000},"page":"e088556","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Patients\u2019 acceptability, adherence and satisfaction on the modified shorter all-oral multidrug-resistant tuberculosis regimen: a two-phase cross-sectional study in Tanzania"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Julieth","family":"Lalashowi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tuberculosis and Emerging Diseases, National Institute for Medical Research, Mbeya Medical Research Center, Mbeya, Tanzania, United Republic 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Republic of"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nyanda Elias","family":"Ntinginya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Medical Research, Mbeya Medical Research Center, Mbeya, Tanzania, United Republic of"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2318-2949","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Albino","family":"Kalolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health, Saint Francis University College of Health and Allied Sciences, Ifakara, Tanzania, United Republic of"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121403542838000_15.3.e088556.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00803-2016","article-title":"An updated systematic review and meta-analysis for treatment of multidrug-resistant 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WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis. Module 4: treatment - drug-resistant tuberculosis treatment, Online Annexes WHO Rep Geneva. 2020."},{"key":"2025121403542838000_15.3.e088556.3","unstructured":"World Health Organization . Global Tuberculosis Report. 2021."},{"key":"2025121403542838000_15.3.e088556.4","unstructured":"Ministry of Health CDGE and C . Manual for management of Tuberculosis and Leprosy in Tanzania, 7th edition. 2020."},{"key":"2025121403542838000_15.3.e088556.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-021-00502-0","article-title":"Treatment outcomes of patients with multidrug and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in Zhejiang, China","volume":"26","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Med Res"},{"key":"2025121403542838000_15.3.e088556.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/jacamr\/dlaa108","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of patients with MDR tuberculosis in Dar Es Salaam region, Tanzania","volume":"2","author":"Myemba","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAC Antimicrob Resist"},{"key":"2025121403542838000_15.3.e088556.7","unstructured":"Mpagama S , Nyanda E , Kalolo A , et al . 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Accounts of people treated with injectables for drug-resistant TB","volume":"11","author":"Almeida","year":"2021","journal-title":"Public Health Action"},{"key":"2025121403542838000_15.3.e088556.32","article-title":"A Comprehensive Review on Long vs. Short Regimens in Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) Under Programmatic Management of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (PMDT)","volume":"16","author":"Karnan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"2025121403542838000_15.3.e088556.33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.03300-2020","article-title":"World Health Organization recommendations on the treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis, 2020 update","volume":"57","author":"Mirzayev","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"2025121403542838000_15.3.e088556.34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01030-2018","article-title":"Interventions to improve retention-in-care and treatment adherence among patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis: a systematic review","volume":"53","author":"Law","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"2025121403542838000_15.3.e088556.35","unstructured":"Maynard C , Tariq S , Sotgiu G , et al . 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