{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T14:20:46Z","timestamp":1788186046180,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]],"date-time":"2025-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739923200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":18,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82072008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82072008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014764","name":"China International Medical Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Z-2017-24-2301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Z-2017-24-2301"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014764","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Research and Innovation Team Project for Scientific Breakthroughs at Shanxi Bethune Hospital","award":["2024OAXIANG01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024OAXIANG01"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,27]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the relationship between eosinophil (EOS) and CT imaging, we quantitatively evaluated the bronchial wall thickening, emphysema index (EI) and pulmonary vascular parameters in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) based on different EOS levels.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective observational study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A tertiary hospital in China.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>448 patients with COPD from January 2020 to January 2023.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Laboratory data, chest CT and pulmonary function based on different EOS levels: &lt;150\/\u00b5L, \u2265150\/\u00b5L; &lt;100\/\u00b5L, 100\u2013300\/\u00b5L, \u2265300\/\u00b5L; &lt;2%, \u22652%.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We evaluated the records of 448 patients diagnosed with COPD. The prevalence of eosinophilia with EOS \u22652% was 41.1% (184 cases), 33.7% (151 cases) with EOS \u2265150\/\u00b5L and 9.4% (42 cases) with EOS \u2265300\/\u00b5L. A lower EOS (EOS &lt;2%\u2009or EOS &lt;150\/\u00b5L) was associated with chronic pulmonary heart disease. The neutrophil count and percentage were significantly higher in the relatively lower EOS group (EOS &lt;2%, EOS &lt;150\/\u00b5L or EOS &lt;100\/\u00b5L). When the groups were divided based on the two cut-off values of 2% of EOS percentage and 150\/\u00b5L of absolute EOS value, no statistical significance was observed for the entire lung, left lung, right lung, lung lobe volume, lung index (EI), and lung emphysema heterogeneity index (HI). However, compared with the 100\u2013300\/\u00b5L group, the EI of the right upper lobe of the lung was lower in the EOS \u2265300\/\u00b5L group (0.32 vs 0.37, p&lt;0.05). Airway wall thickness, wall area percentage and Pi10 in the EOS \u22652%, EOS \u2265150\/\u00b5L and 100\u2013300\/\u00b5L groups were lower than those in the EOS &lt;2%, EOS &lt;150\/\u00b5L and EOS &lt;100\/\u00b5L groups, respectively. Compared with the EOS &lt;100\/\u00b5L group, Pi10 in the EOS \u2265300\/\u00b5L group was lower. According to the different cut-off values, such as percentage and absolute value of EOS, there was no significant difference in pulmonary vascular parameters, such as in cross-sectional area less than 5 mm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      (BV5), total blood volume (TBV), BV5\/TBV, network length, branchpoints and endpoints (p&gt;0.05 for both). The per cent predicted diffusing lung capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO%) of the EOS \u22652% group was higher than that of the EOS &lt;2% group. Compared with patients with blood EOS &lt;150\/\u00b5L, patients with blood EOS \u2265150\/\u00b5L had lower residual volume and lung volume ratio and higher values for per cent predicted forced vital capacity and DLCO%. The values for per cent predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s, maximal expiratory flow at 75%\/50%\/25% of lung volume (MEF75%,MEF50%, MEF25%) and DLCO% in the EOS \u2265300\/\u00b5L group were higher than those in the EOS &lt;100\/\u00b5L group and in the 100\u2013300\/\u00b5L group.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hypereosinophilic COPD (EOS \u22652%\u2009or EOS \u2265150\/\u00b5L or EOS \u2265300\/\u00b5L) appears to have less bronchial thickening and better lung function. Notably, in patients with EOS \u2265300\/\u00b5L, the EI of the right upper lobe is reduced. These findings provide valuable insights into the role of EOS in COPD pathophysiology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-088887","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]],"date-time":"2025-02-19T20:06:04Z","timestamp":1739995564000},"page":"e088887","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Quantitative CT imaging characteristics of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with different eosinophil levels: a retrospective observational study using linked data from a tertiary hospital in China"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-3874-7858","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lirong","family":"Du","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences,Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 032200, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-3528-4222","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoxue","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences,Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 032200, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9991-773X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuiqing","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences,Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 032200, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiansheng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences,Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 032200, China"},{"name":"Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0977-1939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shouliang","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing in Medical Image, Ministry of Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6224-8480","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruiying","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences,Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 032200, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121514425588000_15.2.e088887.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.19.0397","article-title":"The GOLD Summit on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in low- and middle-income countries","volume":"23","author":"Halpin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"2025121514425588000_15.2.e088887.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202201-0209PP","article-title":"Blood Eosinophils and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease Science Committee 2022 Review","volume":"206","author":"Singh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2025121514425588000_15.2.e088887.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maspero J , Adir Y , Al-Ahmad M , et al . Type 2 inflammation in asthma and other airway diseases. ERJ Open Res 2022;8. doi:10.1183\/23120541.00576-2021","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00576-2021"},{"key":"2025121514425588000_15.2.e088887.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(17)30217-5","article-title":"Eosinophils in COPD: just another biomarker?","volume":"5","author":"Bafadhel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"2025121514425588000_15.2.e088887.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.04590-2020","article-title":"Blood eosinophil counts in the general population and airways disease: a comprehensive review and meta-analysis","volume":"59","author":"Benson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"2025121514425588000_15.2.e088887.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106880","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2022.106880","article-title":"A systematic review of blood eosinophils and continued treatment with inhaled corticosteroids in patients with COPD","volume":"198","author":"Dalin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"2025121514425588000_15.2.e088887.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(23)00339-9","article-title":"Blood eosinophil-guided therapy for COPD exacerbations","volume":"12","author":"Comellas","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"2025121514425588000_15.2.e088887.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(22)00494-5","article-title":"GOLD COPD report: 2023 update","volume":"11","author":"Venkatesan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"2025121514425588000_15.2.e088887.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S194367","article-title":"Exacerbations and health care resource use among patients with COPD in relation to blood eosinophil counts","volume":"14","author":"M\u00fcllerov\u00e1","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis"},{"key":"2025121514425588000_15.2.e088887.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2018.04.010"},{"key":"2025121514425588000_15.2.e088887.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(18)30006-7","article-title":"Predictors of exacerbation risk and response to budesonide in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a post-hoc analysis of three randomised trials","volume":"6","author":"Bafadhel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"2025121514425588000_15.2.e088887.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201803-0405OC","article-title":"Long-Term Triple Therapy De-escalation to Indacaterol\/Glycopyrronium in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (SUNSET): A Randomized, Double-Blind, Triple-Dummy Clinical Trial","volume":"198","author":"Chapman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2025121514425588000_15.2.e088887.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2022.08.004","article-title":"Author response to: Clinical features and three-year prognosis of AECOPD patients with different levels of blood eosinophils","volume":"56","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Heart Lung"},{"key":"2025121514425588000_15.2.e088887.14","first-page":"218","article-title":"The distribution of blood eosinophils and the related clinical characteristics in chronic obCOPD patients","volume":"44","author":"Zheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi"},{"key":"2025121514425588000_15.2.e088887.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00162414"},{"key":"2025121514425588000_15.2.e088887.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2303951"},{"key":"2025121514425588000_15.2.e088887.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2022.10.029","article-title":"Clinical Implications of Low Absolute Blood Eosinophil Count in the SPIROMICS COPD Cohort","volume":"163","author":"LeMaster","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2025121514425588000_15.2.e088887.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202212-2287OC","article-title":"A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-controlled Trial of Long-Term Doxycycline Therapy on Exacerbation Rate in Patients with Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease","volume":"208","author":"Allinson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2025121514425588000_15.2.e088887.19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1578","DOI":"10.3390\/tomography8030130","article-title":"Quantitative Chest CT Analysis to Measure Short-Term Sequelae of COVID-19 Pneumonia: A Monocentric Prospective Study","volume":"8","author":"Lanza","year":"2022","journal-title":"Tomography"},{"key":"2025121514425588000_15.2.e088887.20","unstructured":"Global strategy for prevention, diagnosis and management of COPD. 2025. Available: https:\/\/goldcopd.org\/2025-gold-report"},{"key":"2025121514425588000_15.2.e088887.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2025","DOI":"10.1097\/CM9.0000000000001724","article-title":"Computed tomography-identified phenotypes of small airway obstructions in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"134","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chin Med J (Engl)"},{"key":"2025121514425588000_15.2.e088887.22","first-page":"S114","article-title":"Computed Tomography-based Subclassification of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease","volume":"13 Suppl 2","author":"Dirksen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"2025121514425588000_15.2.e088887.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.200904-015AW"},{"key":"2025121514425588000_15.2.e088887.24","article-title":"Lung volume reduction surgery for diffuse emphysema","volume":"10","author":"van Agteren","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2025121514425588000_15.2.e088887.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201411-501OC"},{"key":"2025121514425588000_15.2.e088887.26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3035","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S227377","article-title":"Mixed Phenotype of Emphysema and Airway Wall Thickening Is Associated with Frequent Exacerbation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients","volume":"14","author":"Lim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis"},{"key":"2025121514425588000_15.2.e088887.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-008-1186-4"},{"key":"2025121514425588000_15.2.e088887.28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00838-2020","article-title":"High eosinophil counts predict decline in FEV1: results from the CanCOLD study","volume":"57","author":"Tan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"2025121514425588000_15.2.e088887.29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(17)30432-0","article-title":"Association of sputum and blood eosinophil concentrations with clinical measures of COPD severity: an analysis of the SPIROMICS cohort","volume":"5","author":"Hastie","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"2025121514425588000_15.2.e088887.30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1080\/15412555.2017.1386644","article-title":"Emphysematous Phenotype is Characterized by Low Blood Eosinophils: A Cross-Sectional Study","volume":"14","author":"Papaioannou","year":"2017","journal-title":"COPD"},{"key":"2025121514425588000_15.2.e088887.31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0273652","article-title":"Sestrin 2 levels are associated with emphysematous phenotype of COPD","volume":"17","author":"Angelakis","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025121514425588000_15.2.e088887.32","first-page":"209","article-title":"Quantitative assessment of emphysema and bronchial wall thickness in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: comparison between the eosinophilic and non-eosinophilic phenotypes","volume":"55","author":"Stival","year":"2022","journal-title":"Radiol Bras"},{"key":"2025121514425588000_15.2.e088887.33","unstructured":"Available: https:\/\/goldcopd.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/GOLD-REPORT-2021-v1.1-25Nov20_WMV.pdf"},{"key":"2025121514425588000_15.2.e088887.34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105792","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2022.105792","article-title":"A fully automatic segmentation pipeline of pulmonary lobes before and after lobectomy from computed tomography images","volume":"147","author":"Pang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Comput Biol Med"},{"key":"2025121514425588000_15.2.e088887.35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102637","DOI":"10.1016\/j.artmed.2023.102637","article-title":"Two-stage contextual transformer-based convolutional neural network for airway extraction from CT images","volume":"143","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Artif Intell Med"},{"key":"2025121514425588000_15.2.e088887.36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crmeth.2022.100189","article-title":"Open-source analysis and visualization of segmented vasculature datasets with VesselVio","volume":"2","author":"Bumgarner","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Reports Methods"},{"key":"2025121514425588000_15.2.e088887.37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.212904","article-title":"Association between Chest CT-defined Emphysema and Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"304","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"2025121514425588000_15.2.e088887.38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0113320","article-title":"Impact of emphysema heterogeneity on pulmonary function","volume":"9","author":"Ju","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025121514425588000_15.2.e088887.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2020-215853"},{"key":"2025121514425588000_15.2.e088887.40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3341","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S176122","article-title":"Role of inflammatory cells in airway remodeling in COPD","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis"},{"key":"2025121514425588000_15.2.e088887.41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241310451","article-title":"Macrophages Orchestrate Airway Inflammation, Remodeling, and Resolution in Asthma","volume":"24","author":"Britt","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2025121514425588000_15.2.e088887.42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.14047","article-title":"Structural and functional changes in COPD: What we have learned from imaging","volume":"26","author":"Benlala","year":"2021","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"2025121514425588000_15.2.e088887.43","first-page":"645","article-title":"Airway inflammation and small airway wall remodeling in neutrophilic asthma","volume":"50","author":"Gai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban"},{"key":"2025121514425588000_15.2.e088887.44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01291-2018","article-title":"Eosinophil-derived IL-13 promotes emphysema","volume":"53","author":"Doyle","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"2025121514425588000_15.2.e088887.45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01634-x","article-title":"Eosinophils promote pulmonary matrix destruction and emphysema via Cathepsin L","volume":"8","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"2025121514425588000_15.2.e088887.46","first-page":"413","article-title":"Predictors of High Sputum Eosinophils in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease","volume":"9","author":"Wen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chronic Obstr Pulm Dis"},{"key":"2025121514425588000_15.2.e088887.47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-020-1310-9","article-title":"Phenotypic comparison between smoking and non-smoking chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"21","author":"Salvi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"key":"2025121514425588000_15.2.e088887.48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3589","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S179734","article-title":"Blood eosinophil count as a prognostic biomarker in COPD","volume":"13","author":"Oh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis"},{"key":"2025121514425588000_15.2.e088887.49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198910053211410"},{"key":"2025121514425588000_15.2.e088887.50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1708208"},{"key":"2025121514425588000_15.2.e088887.51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.12772","article-title":"Pulmonary vasculature in COPD: The silent component","volume":"21","author":"Blanco","year":"2016","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"2025121514425588000_15.2.e088887.52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI117619"},{"key":"2025121514425588000_15.2.e088887.53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S436242","article-title":"Quantitative Assessment Characteristics of Small Pulmonary Vessel Remodelling in Populations at High Risk for COPD and Smokers Using Low-Dose CT","volume":"19","author":"Pu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis"},{"key":"2025121514425588000_15.2.e088887.54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3003","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S226783","article-title":"Peripheral Blood Eosinophil as a Biomarker in Outcomes of Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease","volume":"14","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis"},{"key":"2025121514425588000_15.2.e088887.55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00582-2022","article-title":"Eosinophils protect against pulmonary hypertension through 14-HDHA and 17-HDHA","volume":"61","author":"Shu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"2025121514425588000_15.2.e088887.56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-019-1111-1","article-title":"Do blood eosinophils strictly reflect airway inflammation in COPD? Comparison with asthmatic patients","volume":"20","author":"Pignatti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"key":"2025121514425588000_15.2.e088887.57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1080\/15412555.2016.1260539","article-title":"Eosinophilic and Neutrophilic Airway Inflammation in the Phenotyping of Mild-to-Moderate Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease","volume":"14","author":"G\u00f3rska","year":"2017","journal-title":"COPD"},{"key":"2025121514425588000_15.2.e088887.58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201502-0235LE"},{"key":"2025121514425588000_15.2.e088887.59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1080\/15412555.2019.1675150","article-title":"Relationship between Blood and Induced Sputum Eosinophils, Bronchial Hyperresponsiveness and Reversibility of Airway Obstruction in Mild-to-Moderate Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease","volume":"16","author":"Proboszcz","year":"2019","journal-title":"COPD"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-088887","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T22:43:07Z","timestamp":1765838587000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-088887"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-088887"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-088887","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2044-6055","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-6055","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}}}