{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,12]],"date-time":"2026-11-12T11:52:53Z","timestamp":1794484373463,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,24]],"date-time":"2024-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729728000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":23,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,26]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Cystoscopy has revolutionised the process of diagnosing bladder cancer leading to better categorisation of risk levels and more precise treatment plans. Nonetheless, concerns arise about the lack of uniformity among observers in predicting tumour stage and grade. To address these concerns, artificial intelligence (AI) is being incorporated into clinical settings to aid in the analysis of diagnostic and therapeutic images. The subsequent report outlines a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of AI in predicting bladder cancer based on cystoscopic images.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our systematic search will use databases including PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane. The articles published between May 2015 and April 2024 will be eligible for inclusion. For articles to be considered, they must employ AI for analysis of cystoscopic images to identify bladder cancer, present original data and be written in English. The protocol adheres to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocol 2015 checklist. Quality and bias risk across chosen studies will be evaluated using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 score.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Ethical clearance will not be necessary for conducting this systematic review since results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and presentations at both national and international conferences.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>PROSPERO registration number<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>CRD42024528345.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-089125","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,26]],"date-time":"2024-10-26T07:55:52Z","timestamp":1729929352000},"page":"e089125","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Using artificial intelligence for bladder cancer detection during cystoscopy and its impact on clinical outcomes: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0384-9423","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed","family":"Baana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, Harrow, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Murtada","family":"Arkwazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, Harrow, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imperial College London School of Medicine, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ojone","family":"Ofagbor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwich University Hospital NHS Trust, Norfolk, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaurika","family":"Bhardwaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imperial College London NHS Trust, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariam","family":"Lami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imperial College London NHS Trust, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Bolton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imperial College London NHS Trust, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rakesh","family":"Heer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imperial College London NHS Trust, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025101813581234000_14.10.e089125.1","first-page":"209","article-title":"Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries","volume":"71","author":"Sung","year":"2021","journal-title":"CA A Cancer J Clinicians"},{"key":"2025101813581234000_14.10.e089125.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.33588","article-title":"Cancer statistics for the year 2020: An overview","volume":"149","author":"Ferlay","year":"2021","journal-title":"Intl Journal of Cancer"},{"key":"2025101813581234000_14.10.e089125.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2020.03.055"},{"key":"2025101813581234000_14.10.e089125.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13174378","article-title":"Performance of Narrow Band Imaging (NBI) and Photodynamic Diagnosis (PDD) Fluorescence Imaging Compared to White Light Cystoscopy (WLC) in Detecting Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer: A Systematic Review and Lesion-Level Diagnostic Meta-Analysis","volume":"13","author":"Russo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"2025101813581234000_14.10.e089125.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2019.05.036","article-title":"Methods for bladder cancer diagnosis \u2013 The role of autofluorescence and photodynamic diagnosis","volume":"27","author":"Bochenek","year":"2019","journal-title":"Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther"},{"key":"2025101813581234000_14.10.e089125.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1097\/MOU.0000000000000900","article-title":"The use of artificial intelligence for the diagnosis of bladder cancer: a review and perspectives","volume":"31","author":"Chan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Opin Urol"},{"key":"2025101813581234000_14.10.e089125.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2017.01.011","article-title":"Artificial intelligence in medicine","volume":"69","author":"Hamet","year":"2017","journal-title":"Metab Clin Exp"},{"key":"2025101813581234000_14.10.e089125.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.23037","article-title":"Artificial intelligence: Implications for the future of work","volume":"62","author":"Howard","year":"2019","journal-title":"American J Industrial Med"},{"key":"2025101813581234000_14.10.e089125.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2019.08.032","article-title":"Augmented Bladder Tumor Detection Using Deep Learning","volume":"76","author":"Shkolyar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"2025101813581234000_14.10.e089125.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1148\/ryai.2020200029","article-title":"Checklist for Artificial Intelligence in Medical Imaging (CLAIM): A Guide for Authors and Reviewers","volume":"2","author":"Mongan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiol Artif Intell"},{"key":"2025101813581234000_14.10.e089125.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-021-00549-7","article-title":"Guidelines and quality criteria for artificial intelligence-based prediction models in healthcare: a scoping review","volume":"5","author":"de Hond","year":"2022","journal-title":"NPJ Digit Med"},{"key":"2025101813581234000_14.10.e089125.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e745","DOI":"10.1016\/S2589-7500(21)00208-9","article-title":"The false hope of current approaches to explainable artificial intelligence in health care","volume":"3","author":"Ghassemi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Dig Health"},{"key":"2025101813581234000_14.10.e089125.13","first-page":"2308","article-title":"Artificial Intelligence in the Advanced Diagnosis of Bladder Cancer-Comprehensive","volume":"13","author":"Ferro","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lit Rev Future Advanc Diagn (Basel)"},{"key":"2025101813581234000_14.10.e089125.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2022.103601"},{"key":"2025101813581234000_14.10.e089125.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/2046-4053-4-1","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement","volume":"4","author":"Moher","year":"2015","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"key":"2025101813581234000_14.10.e089125.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-016-0384-4","article-title":"Rayyan-a web and mobile app for systematic reviews","volume":"5","author":"Ouzzani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"key":"2025101813581234000_14.10.e089125.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1059\/0003-4819-155-8-201110180-00009"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-089125","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]],"date-time":"2025-10-18T20:58:20Z","timestamp":1760821100000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-089125"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,26]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-089125"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-089125","relation":{"has-part":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-089125.supp1","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2044-6055","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-6055","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]}}}