{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T16:23:18Z","timestamp":1762273398097,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]],"date-time":"2025-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740009600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Bloomberg Initiative to Reduce Tobacco Use","award":["CHINA-32-03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CHINA-32-03"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,21]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Youth vaping has become a significant public health concern globally. Effective prevention messages are essential to reduce the prevalence of vaping among young people. However, evidence on the design of youth vaping prevention messages is limited. This scoping review aims to systematically map the existing evidence, identify research gaps, and provide recommendations for future research and practice.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The review will be conducted following the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews and reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). A comprehensive search strategy has been developed focusing on the population-concept-context elements of youth, vaping, prevention, message design and global context. Six databases will be searched: Web of Science Core Collection (including MEDLINE), PubMed, Embase, Scopus, APA PsycInfo and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. Grey literature sources, including relevant organisational websites, will also be searched. Two reviewers will independently screen titles and abstracts, review full texts, and extract data using a predefined data charting form. The extracted data will be synthesised narratively.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>As this scoping review will only include published data and does not involve human participants, institutional review board approval is not required. The findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, conference presentations, academic networks, and social media.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-089394","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]],"date-time":"2025-02-20T18:55:35Z","timestamp":1740077735000},"page":"e089394","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Designing vaping prevention messages for youth: a scoping review protocol"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2039-9111","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Art and Communication, Fujian Polytechnic Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shiyu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yujiang","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of International Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-3072-5798","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haoyi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chang Chun University, Changchun, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinrui","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinxiang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sanming University, Sanming, Fujian, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Youquan","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sanming University, Sanming, Fujian, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Journalism and Communications, Peking University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinyao","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao SAR, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kin-Sun","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025101813380304000_15.2.e089394.1","unstructured":"World Health Organization . WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic 2021: addressing new and emerging products. World Health Organization; 2021."},{"key":"2025101813380304000_15.2.e089394.2","unstructured":"National academies of sciences, engineering, and medicine. In: Public health consequences of e-cigarettes. The National Academies Press, 2018."},{"key":"2025101813380304000_15.2.e089394.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen Y , Liu S , Cai Y , et al . A qualitative exploration of e-cigarette prevention advertisements\u2019 effectiveness among college students in China. Tob Induc Dis 2024;22. doi:10.18332\/tid\/189300","DOI":"10.18332\/tid\/189300"},{"key":"2025101813380304000_15.2.e089394.4","unstructured":"United Nations . Definition of youth. united nations department of economic and social affairs. Available: https:\/\/www.un.org\/development\/desa\/youth\/what-we-do\/faq.html [Accessed 15 Jun 2023]."},{"key":"2025101813380304000_15.2.e089394.5","first-page":"108030","article-title":"Prevalence and correlates of adolescents\u2019 e-cigarette use frequency and dependence","volume":"212","author":"Vogel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"2025101813380304000_15.2.e089394.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1007\/s40429-017-0176-5","article-title":"Gender Differences in U.S. Adolescent E-Cigarette Use","volume":"4","author":"Kong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Addict Rep"},{"key":"2025101813380304000_15.2.e089394.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2020.106473"},{"key":"2025101813380304000_15.2.e089394.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1080\/10410236.2017.1407274","article-title":"Systematic Review of Health Communication for Non-Cigarette Tobacco Products","volume":"34","author":"Cornacchione Ross","year":"2019","journal-title":"Health Commun"},{"key":"2025101813380304000_15.2.e089394.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1222","DOI":"10.1080\/10410236.2020.1749353","article-title":"Comparison of Message and Effects Perceptions for The Real Cost E-Cigarette Prevention Ads","volume":"36","author":"Rohde","year":"2021","journal-title":"Health Commun"},{"key":"2025101813380304000_15.2.e089394.10","first-page":"641","article-title":"Message and delivery preferences for online tobacco education among adolescents and young adults","volume":"24","author":"Lazard","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Health Commun"},{"key":"2025101813380304000_15.2.e089394.11","first-page":"1537","article-title":"Evidence of the effectiveness of public health messaging and health warnings for reducing tobacco use","volume":"24","author":"Brennan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res"},{"key":"2025101813380304000_15.2.e089394.12","first-page":"968","article-title":"A meta-analysis of the effects of \u201cThe Real Cost\u201d campaign on smoking prevention in the United States","volume":"37","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Health Commun"},{"key":"2025101813380304000_15.2.e089394.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-018-0611-x"},{"key":"2025101813380304000_15.2.e089394.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peters MDJ , Godfrey C , McInerney P , et al . Chapter 11: scoping reviews. In: Aromataris E , Munn Z , eds. JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis. 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