{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,6]],"date-time":"2025-12-06T04:41:11Z","timestamp":1764996071823,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]],"date-time":"2025-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741219200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000274","name":"British Heart Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PG\/21\/10702"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PG\/21\/10702"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000274","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,3]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>SARS-CoV-2 disease (COVID-19) has had an enormous health and economic impact globally. Although primarily a respiratory illness, multi-organ involvement is common in COVID-19, with evidence of vascular-mediated damage in the heart, liver, kidneys and brain in a substantial proportion of patients following moderate-to-severe infection. The pathophysiology and long-term clinical implications of multi-organ injury remain to be fully elucidated. Age, gender, ethnicity, frailty and deprivation are key determinants of infection severity, and both morbidity and mortality appear higher in patients with underlying comorbidities such as ischaemic heart disease, hypertension and diabetes. Our aim is to gain mechanistic insights into the pathophysiology of multiorgan dysfunction in people with COVID-19 and maximise the impact of national COVID-19 studies with a comparison group of COVID-negative controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>COmorbidities and Sociodemographic factors on Multiorgan Injury following COVID-19 (COSMIC) is a prospective, multicentre UK study which will recruit 200 subjects without clinical evidence of prior COVID-19 and perform extensive phenotyping with multiorgan imaging, biobank serum storage, functional assessment and patient reported outcome measures, providing a robust control population to facilitate current work and serve as an invaluable bioresource for future observational studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Approved by the National Research Ethics Service Committee East Midlands (REC reference 19\/EM\/0295). Results will be disseminated via peer-reviewed journals and scientific meetings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      COSMIC is registered as an extension of C-MORE (Capturing Multi-ORgan Effects of COVID-19) on ClinicalTrials.gov (\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"clintrialgov\" xlink:href=\"NCT04510025\">NCT04510025<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      ).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-089508","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T07:15:23Z","timestamp":1741331723000},"page":"e089508","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Assessing the impact of COmorbidities and Sociodemographic factors on Multiorgan Injury following COVID-19: rationale and protocol design of COSMIC, a UK multicentre observational study of COVID-negative controls"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"15","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct04510025","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"},{"clinical-trial-number":"nct04510025","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4761-7297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simran","family":"Shergill","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and the National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Elshibly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and the National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical 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