{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T21:00:34Z","timestamp":1793048434585,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,5]],"date-time":"2025-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746403200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to investigate the association between the type and severity of disabilities and depression among adolescents aged 15\u201317 years living in underdeveloped areas of Indonesia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross-sectional study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data were derived from the 2018 Indonesia Basic Health Research, a nationally representative data of Indonesia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participant<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used information collected from 4811 adolescents aged 15\u201317 living in underdeveloped areas of Indonesia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Primary outcome<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The primary outcome was depression, based on the conditions experienced by respondents during the last 2 weeks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The analysis showed that 5.65% of adolescents aged 15\u201317 years living in underdeveloped areas of Indonesia had depressive symptoms. Adolescents with severe physical and psychological disabilities were most at risk, exhibiting significantly higher odds of developing depression (aOR=12.09, 95%\u2009CI: 5.41 to 27.03, p&lt;\n                      <jats:italic>0.001<\/jats:italic>\n                      ). Other significant predictors included female adolescents (aOR=2.18, 95%\u2009CI: 1.51 to 3.14, p&lt;\n                      <jats:italic>0.001<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) and those who had a non-communicable disease (aOR=3.50, 95%\u2009CI: 1.00 to 12.18, p=\n                      <jats:italic>0.049<\/jats:italic>\n                      ).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings highlight the critical need for targeted depression interventions and collaborative efforts to support vulnerable adolescents in underdeveloped areas of Indonesia, particularly those with disabilities, girls and those with non-communicable diseases. Efforts to engage healthcare providers, educators and policymakers to improve access to mental health resources will enhance the overall well-being of vulnerable populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-089737","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,6]],"date-time":"2025-05-06T22:50:14Z","timestamp":1746571814000},"page":"e089737","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Disabilities and depression in young adolescents living in underdeveloped areas of Indonesia: results from the 2018 Indonesia Basic Health Survey"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Dwi Hapsari","family":"Tjandrarini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta Pusat, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hadi","family":"Ashar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta Pusat, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janti Pare","family":"Nari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pattimura University Faculty of Medicine, Ambon, Maluku, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1388-6798","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maxwell Landri Vers","family":"Malakauseya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pattimura University Faculty of Medicine, Ambon, Maluku, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felly Philipus","family":"Senewe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta Pusat, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhamad Arif","family":"Musoddaq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta Pusat, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nazarina","family":"Nazarina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta Pusat, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donny Kristanto","family":"Mulyantoro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta Pusat, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yurika Fauzia","family":"Wardhani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta Pusat, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nailul","family":"Izza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta Pusat, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3023-003X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christiana Rialine","family":"Titaley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pattimura University Faculty of Medicine, Ambon, Maluku, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121513132183000_15.5.e089737.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.51866\/oa.265","article-title":"Factors associated with depressive symptoms among adolescents in Indonesia: A cross-sectional study of results from the Indonesia Family Life Survey","volume":"18","author":"Idris","year":"2023","journal-title":"Malays Fam Physician"},{"key":"2025121513132183000_15.5.e089737.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijchp.2015.08.005","article-title":"The effects of daily stress on positive and negative mental health: Mediation through self-efficacy","volume":"16","author":"Sch\u00f6nfeld","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Clin Health Psychol"},{"key":"2025121513132183000_15.5.e089737.3","unstructured":"World Health Organization . 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