{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T00:49:30Z","timestamp":1788482970579,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]],"date-time":"2024-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733961600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":11,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["01EA2108B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01EA2108B"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["01EA2108D"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01EA2108D"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Childhood food allergy is increasing in western societies. Preventing and managing food allergies is therefore essential for both parents and children. Given the limited previous research on parents\u2019 experiences of food allergy prevention in early childhood, this study aimed to develop a grounded theory to understand the experiences and interactions of families whose children are at risk of, or have been diagnosed with, food allergy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using a constructivist grounded theory approach, we used initial, focused and theoretical coding, as well as constant comparative analysis and memoing to interpret our data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thematic interviews were conducted in Germany between March and September 2022.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participant<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We included 28 carers (25 mothers and 3 fathers) of children aged 0\u20133 years diagnosed with food allergy or at risk of food allergy. We recruited participants using snowball and theoretical sampling.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We developed a theory that we named \u2018negotiating uncertainty in childhood food allergy\u2019. This theory describes the experiences and interactions of families with a child at risk or diagnosed with food allergy with the central phenomena of negotiation uncertainty. Negotiation is used to transform perceived challenges of uncertainty into feelings of competence in relation to (the prevention of) food allergy. Core themes included \u2018parental roles\u2019, \u2018healthcare\u2019, \u2018childcare\u2019, \u2018informal support\u2019 and \u2018family routines\u2019. To cope with the challenges, parents relied on two main resources: self-efficacy and health literacy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study highlights the dynamic process of negotiation within families at risk of or coping with paediatric food allergy. Furthermore, our findings highlight the need to promote parental health literacy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-089751","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]],"date-time":"2024-12-12T23:17:48Z","timestamp":1734045468000},"page":"e089751","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["\u2018You grow with the allergy\u2019: a grounded theory study of families\u2019 experiences with food allergy risk or diagnosis in early childhood"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7673-3022","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Madlen","family":"H\u00f6rold","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0061-8209","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katharina","family":"Gerhardinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mara","family":"K\u00f6nig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8489-8430","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magdalena","family":"Rohr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7382-6992","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia","family":"Weigt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3805-8219","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Apfelbacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7021-8895","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susanne","family":"Brandstetter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024121220154012000_14.12.e089751.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2021.10.018"},{"key":"2024121220154012000_14.12.e089751.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.13443","article-title":"Update on food allergy","volume":"32","author":"Peters","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatr Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"2024121220154012000_14.12.e089751.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3038.2011.01145.x"},{"key":"2024121220154012000_14.12.e089751.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.13689","article-title":"Food allergy in infants assessed in two German birth cohorts 10 years after the EuroPrevall Study","volume":"33","author":"R\u00f6hrl","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pediatr Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"2024121220154012000_14.12.e089751.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1007\/s12098-017-2535-6","article-title":"Food Allergy in Children: An Overview","volume":"85","author":"Devdas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indian J Pediatr"},{"key":"2024121220154012000_14.12.e089751.6","first-page":"317","article-title":"Cow\u2019s Milk Protein Allergy from Diagnosis to Management: A Very Different Journey for General Practitioners and Parents","volume":"2","author":"Lozinsky","year":"2015","journal-title":"Children (Basel)"},{"key":"2024121220154012000_14.12.e089751.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2021.04.034","article-title":"A scoping review of the caregiver burden of pediatric food allergy","volume":"127","author":"Golding","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"2024121220154012000_14.12.e089751.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.13743","article-title":"The burden of food allergy on children and teens: A systematic review","volume":"33","author":"Golding","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pediatr Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"2024121220154012000_14.12.e089751.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2022.09.024","article-title":"Psychosocial functioning in pediatric food allergies: A scoping review","volume":"151","author":"Cushman","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2024121220154012000_14.12.e089751.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2019.02.036","article-title":"Parents Experiences Raising a Child with Food Allergy; 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