{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,9]],"date-time":"2026-11-09T11:33:11Z","timestamp":1794223991620,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,2]],"date-time":"2025-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746144000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the severity of anaemia and associated factors among drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) patients treated in DR-TB treatment-initiating centers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective cross-sectional study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Settings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study was conducted in Alert and St. Peters specialised hospitals, Addis Ababa, from 20 September to 15 October 2022.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data was collected from 331 patients with DR-TB. The data was entered into Epi-Data 4.1, and SPSS version 25 was used for data cleaning and analysis. A multinomial logistic regression model was fitted after the multi-collinearity assumptions, and goodness-of-fit tests were done. The OR with 95% CI was reported for each outcome variable, taking normal haemoglobin level as a reference category. Variables with a P value of \u02c20.05 were considered statistically significant.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of the 331 patients, 51.4% had baseline anaemia, of which 5.7%, 15.7% and 29.9% had severe, moderate and mild anaemia, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>Patients who were urban residents (AOR: 0.06, 95% CI: 0.012, 0.32), government employees (AOR: 0.33, 95% CI: 0.001, 0.79), private job holders (AOR: 0.02, 95% CI: 0.001, 0.27), undernourished (AOR: 15.72, 95% CI: 2.46, 100.28), patients with HIV (AOR: 7.28, 95% CI: 1.627, 32.628) and farmers and students (AOR: 0.05, 95% CI: 0.004, 0.58) were significantly associated with severe anaemia.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>Patients who were male (AOR: 0.31, 95% CI: 0.11, 0.93), single (AOR: 0.19, 95% CI: 0.04, 0.85), daily labourer (AOR: 6.19, 95% CI: 1.27, 30.2), undernourished (AOR: 12.83, 95% CI: 4.88, 33.7) and patients with HIV (AOR: 12.74, 95% CI: 4.67, 34.75) were significantly associated with moderate anaemia. Patients with undernutrition (AOR: 3.92, 95% CI: 2.1, 7.35), HIV (AOR: 2.79, 95% CI: 1.22, 6.39) and primary and secondary education (AOR: 0.36, 95% CI: 0.17, 0.77) were significantly associated with mild anaemia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In our study, more than 50% of patients with DR-TB had baseline anaemia, of which mild anaemia was the most common typeanaemia. Rural residents were at a higher risk of developing severe anaemia (11.5%), while the overall rate of anaemia (58.8%) was higher among urban residents.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-091111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,2]],"date-time":"2025-05-02T08:04:30Z","timestamp":1746173070000},"page":"e091111","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Severity and associated factors of anaemia among rifampicin\/multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis patients treated in Alert and St. Peters specialised hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a retrospective cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8517-2447","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mulat Addis","family":"Beshaw","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ekram Mohammed","family":"Siraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Alert Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tilahun Bizuayehu","family":"Demass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3648-9891","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayenew Molla","family":"Lakew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Gondar College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Gondar, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121219470583000_15.5.e091111.1","unstructured":"USAID . 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